An intake air control apparatus for a vehicle may include a valve flap provided in an air intake passage, the valve flap having a rotation shaft facing opposite sides of the air intake passage, to control a cross-sectional area of air intake flow according to a rotation angle thereof about the rotation shaft; a driving device supplying a driving force to the valve flap; and a port plate being provided in the air intake passage, with a longitudinal direction thereof being in parallel to a longitudinal direction of the air intake passage, the port plate dividing the air intake passage into an upper passage and a lower passage, wherein based on a width direction, at least a portion of the port plate has a height changing portion that changes a height of the port plate from a lower internal wall of the air intake passage.

Internal combustion engines having pistons with one or more depressions located on the piston head to facilitate the movement of air/charge in the cylinder are disclosed. The pistons may include a skirt with a field of pockets that provide a ringless, non-lubricated, seal equivalent. The piston head also may be domed to further facilitate the movement of air/charge in the cylinder. The engines may also have non-circular, preferably rectangular, cross-section pistons and cylinders. The engines also may use multi-stage poppet valves in lieu of conventional poppet valves, and may include a split crankshaft. The engines may use the pumping motion of the engine piston to supercharge the cylinder with air/charge. The engines also may operate in an inverted orientation in which the piston is closer to the local gravitationally dominant terrestrial body's center of gravity at top dead center position than at bottom dead center position.

A valve device includes a housing, a flow duct and a valve body. The valve body is arranged in the flow duct and has a sealing section that bears against a housing-side sealing seat when the valve device is closed. The sealing section and the sealing seat together form a sealing region. There is a collapse zone immediately upstream of the sealing region in the flow duct when the valve device is closed. The collapse zone is delimited by a boundary wall that is at least substantially perpendicular with respect to a movement axis of the valve body and by a deflector wall that is arranged at an angle with respect to the boundary wall. The boundary wall is longer than the deflector wall.

A piston for a premixed spark-ignited or premixed dual fuel internal combustion engine is disclosed. The piston may be configured to reciprocate along a longitudinal axis of a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder of the engine. The piston may comprise a piston head, a top annular groove configured to receive a top annular ring, and a skirt having a pin bore extending along a pin bore axis that is configured to receive a wrist pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod. The piston may further comprise a top land formed in the piston head that is chamfered in a direction perpendicular to the pin bore axis such that the top land does not contact an inner wall of the cylinder when the piston rocks about the pin bore axis. The top land may be non-chamfered in a direction parallel to the pin bore axis.

A piston for a premixed spark-ignited or premixed dual fuel internal combustion engine is disclosed. The piston may be configured to reciprocate along a longitudinal axis of a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder of the engine. The piston may comprise a piston head, a top annular groove configured to receive a top annular ring, and a skirt having a pin bore extending along a pin bore axis that is configured to receive a wrist pin for connecting the piston to a connecting rod. The piston may further comprise a top land formed in the piston head that is chamfered in a direction perpendicular to the pin bore axis such that the top land does not contact an inner wall of the cylinder when the piston rocks about the pin bore axis. The top land may be non-chamfered in a direction parallel to the pin bore axis.

The present disclosure provides a control valve including a camshaft and one or more poppet assemblies. In general, the one or more poppet assemblies can include a poppet carriage that is moveable by the camshaft between a first end position and a second end position, a poppet coupled to the poppet carriage, and a spring configured bias the poppet carriage radially away from the camshaft, toward the first end position, in a first radial direction relative to a camshaft axis. According to some aspects, the camshaft can include a cam lobe that engages the poppet carriage to move the poppet carriage from the first end position toward the second end position in a second radial direction that is opposite the first radial direction.

A high temperature alloy is disclosed. The high temperature alloy may have on a weight basis: about 9.0-10.0 weight % of Co, about 0.25 weight % maximum of Fe, about 8.0-9.0 weight % of Cr, about 4.75-5.50 weight % of Al, about 1.0-1.5 weight % of Ti, about 0-2.0 weight % of Mo, about 6.0-9.0 weight %, of W, about 0.12-0.18 weight % of C, about 0.01-0.03 weight % of Zr, about 0.005-0.015 weight % of B, about 0.5-1.5 weight % of Ta, a balance of Ni, and incidental impurities.

A moment-cancelling, four-stroke engine is disclosed. The engine includes a first cylinder having a first piston and a second cylinder having a second piston, a first crankshaft operably connected to the first piston and a second crankshaft operably connected to the second piston. The first crankshaft rotates in a first direction and the second crankshaft rotates in a second direction that is opposite the first direction to cancel the moments applied to the engine and reduce engine vibration.

A valve actuation system is disclosed for use with an internal combustion engine. The valve actuation system may have a rocker shaft, a rocker arm pivotally mounted on the rocker shaft, at least one cam follower and a pushrod connecting the at least one cam follower to the rocker arm. The valve actuation system may also have a plurality of gas exchange valves, and a bridge connecting the rocker arm to the valves. The valve actuation system may further have at least one spring disposed around each of the valves and configured to bias each of the valves toward closed positions, and a rotocoil configured to rotatably connect the at least one spring to each of the valves. The rotocoil may have an internal chamfer at a bridge end with an angle of about 26-28. The at least one spring may have an assembled load of about 750-850 N.

A valve actuation system is disclosed for use with an internal combustion engine. The valve actuation system may have a rocker shaft, a rocker arm pivotally mounted on the rocker shaft, at least one cam follower and a pushrod connecting the at least one cam follower to the rocker arm. The valve actuation system may also have a plurality of gas exchange valves, and a bridge connecting the rocker arm to the valves. The valve actuation system may further have at least one spring disposed around each of the valves and configured to bias each of the valves toward closed positions, and a rotocoil configured to rotatably connect the at least one spring to each of the valves. The rotocoil may have an internal chamfer at a bridge end with an angle of about 26-28. The at least one spring may have an assembled load of about 750-850 N.