An internal-combustion engine has a plurality of cylinders each with two intake valves driven by respective pumping pistons operatively associated to cams of a camshaft, by respective hydraulic circuits. The hydraulic has its pressure chamber communicating with hydraulic actuators of the two intake valves, so that the two intake valves of each cylinder are controlled, via two different hydraulic circuits, by cams associated to two different cylinders. Each cam is configured to give rise to a cycle of opening and closing of each of the intake valves in an angular range of rotation of the crankshaft less than 180 such that, in each operating cycle of a cylinder, only the first intake valve initially opens and closes while the second intake valve remains closed, and then the second intake valve opens and closes while the first intake valve remains closed.

An engine assembly includes a control module configured to receive a torque request and an engine configured to produce an output torque in response to the torque request. The control module includes a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory on which is recorded instructions for executing a method for supervisory model predictive control. The control module includes a multi-layered structure with an upper-level (UL) optimizer module configured to optimize at least one system-level objective and a lower-level (LL) tracking control module configured to maintain at least one tracking parameter. The multi-layered structure is characterized by a decoupled cost function such that the UL optimizer module minimizes an upper-level cost function (CF.sub.UL) and the LL tracking control module minimizes a lower-level cost function (CF.sub.LL). The system-level objective may include minimizing fuel consumption of the engine and the tracking parameter may include delivering the torque requested to engine.

A modified rocker assembly having an offset end is designed for engine heads having an obstruction preventing use of a symmetric switching rocker arm. The modified rocker assembly has an obstructed side and a non-obstructed side and has an outer structure with a first end, and an inner rocker structure fitting within the outer structure, the inner structure also having a first end. The modified rocker assembly has an axle pivotally connecting the first ends of inner structure to the outer structure, such that the inner structure pivots within the outer structure around the axle. At least one torsion spring on one side of the axle rotationally biases the inner structure relative to the outer structure. The outer structure is offset on the obstructed side as it extends from the second end toward the first end, creating the first offset portion to provide additional clearance on the obstructed side.

A valve timing control device of internal combustion engine comprises a chain case 6 that is fixed to a cylinder head 101 of the engine and has a circular opening 55 for receiving therein a cylindrical housing 5a of an electric motor 8, an annular seal member 58 that is operatively received in an annular clearance defined between an outer cylindrical wall of the cylindrical housing 5a and an inner cylindrical wall of the circular opening 55, and a cover member 4 that is connected to the chain case 6 to cover the circular opening thereby concealing the annular seal member from the outside, wherein when the cover member 4 is removed from the chain case 6, the annular seal member 58 becomes exposed to the outside through the circular opening 55 of the chain case 6 for a visual inspection of the annular seal member.

A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes: a driving side rotor synchronously rotating with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine; a driven side rotor disposed coaxially with a rotary axis of the driving side rotor and synchronously rotating with a camshaft; a connecting bolt disposed coaxially with the rotary axis, and connecting the driven side rotor to the camshaft; and a position determination unit performing positioning between the driven side rotor and the camshaft, or in a case where an intermediate member is provided between the driven side rotor and the camshaft, between the driven side rotor and the intermediate member, or between the camshaft and the intermediate member, wherein the position determination unit includes an engaging pin, first and second hole portions, and a deformation absorbing unit.

An engine may include an electric continuously variable valve timing apparatus for adjusting opening timing of an intake valve provided at a cylinder head, and a continuously variable valve duration apparatus for adjusting duration of exhaust valve provided at the cylinder head.

A method for controlling valve timing is provided for an engine including continuous variable duration (CVVD) device disposed on both intake valve and exhaust valve sides respectively. The method may include: classifying control regions into first, second, third, fourth, and fifth control regions based on engine load and speed; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and controlling a valve overlap in a first control region, applying the maximum duration to the intake valve and exhaust valve in the second control region; controlling a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) of an intake manifold to be maintained consistently in the third control region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened, advancing an intake valve closing (IVC) timing, and controlling an exhaust valve closing (EVC) timing to after top dead center in the fourth control region; and controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and retarding the intake valve closing in the fifth control region.

A multiple variable valve lift apparatus may include a moving cam formed in a hollow cylindrical shape into which a camshaft is inserted. In particular, the moving cam rotates together with the camshaft, moves in an axial direction of the camshaft, and includes a cam guide protrusion and a plurality of cams realizing different valve lift with each other. Moreover, the apparatus includes: an operating unit selectively guiding the cam guide protrusion; a controller controlling the operating unit; a valve opening/closing unit contacting with any one cam of the cams; and at least two pins disposed at the operating unit so as to guide the cam guide protrusion. The cam guide protrusion includes an inserted portion being selectively inserted between the pins and a shift portion.

The disclosure relates to an internal combustion engine having multiple camshaft control units which are connected to one another in a line by a first network topology and via which a crankshaft signal can be transmitted in unprocessed, amplified or conditioned form. The camshaft control units are designed to suppress forwarding of the crankshaft signal in a first state and to forward or to replicate the crankshaft signal and to send an additional signal in a second state. The disclosure also relates to a method for logically assigning the camshaft control units to the camshafts to be adjusted by them.

An axial cam shifting system configured to selectively open and close engine valves includes an axial cam shifting assembly and a controller. The axial cam shifting assembly includes a camshaft, a first cam assembly, an actuator, a carriage and a position sensor. The first cam assembly is received on the camshaft and has two distinct cam profiles. The actuator has a first pin and a second pin. The carriage is arranged on the camshaft and defines a track that selectively receives the first and second pins, wherein the axial shifting cam assembly is movable between a first, and a second position corresponding to alignment of the respective two distinct cam profiles. The position sensor communicates a signal indicative of a position of the carriage. The controller receives the signal and determines whether the carriage is in one of the first and second positions based on the signal.