A cylinder head valve seat of an automobile vehicle includes a valve seat having a valve seat surface integrally joined to an engagement end. The engagement end includes multiple materials extending through a cross section of the engagement end. The multiple materials include: a first material having a first thermal conductivity; and a second material having a second thermal conductivity higher than the thermal conductivity of the first material, wherein the first material transitions into the second material.

An internally cooled inlet or outlet valve for internal combustion engines, has a valve disc, a valve stem and a cavity inside the valve stem and the valve disc. A coolant is arranged in the cavity, wherein the cavity is provided with at least one guide vane for the coolant.

An electric motor (2) has a base motor module (3) and an electronic module (18) which is electrically and mechanically connected to the base motor module (3) and comprises an electronics housing (12). The base motor module (3) comprises a flange plate (8) which forms an interference fit with the electronics housing (12). The flange plate (8) may have an opening (36) with a circumferential collar (39) which engages in a fastening passage (35) of the electronics housing (12) and forms the interference fit with the electronics housing (12).

A reciprocating exhaust valve for a two-stroke internal combustion engine has a shaft for connection to a valve actuator, the shaft defining a reciprocation axis of the valve, the reciprocation axis defining a longitudinal direction of the valve; and a blade having: a first end having an arcuate edge, a second end connected to the shaft, two side portions, and a central portion. The blade has a first end portion adjacent the first end that includes a part of the central portion and of each of the two side portions. A width of the central portion is greater than a width of each of the side portions. In the first end portion, a thickness of the part of each of the two side portions is greater than a thickness of the part of the central portion.

An exhaust valve system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine having: at least one exhaust valve movable between open and closed positions; an actuator for moving the at least one exhaust valve; a valve position sensor; a controller communicating with the actuator and the valve position sensor. The controller being programmed for: controlling the actuator to attempt to move the at least one exhaust valve to a desired one of the open and closed positions; determining if the at least one exhaust valve has failed to reach the desired position based on the position of the at least one exhaust valve sensed by the valve position sensor; and controlling the actuator to move the at least one exhaust valve to an intermediate position when the at least one exhaust valve has failed to reach the desired position.

An exhaust valve assembly for a two-stroke internal combustion engine has a housing adapted for connection to an engine block of the two-stroke internal combustion engine; an electric actuator having an electric motor, the electric motor being disposed in the housing; and at least one reciprocating exhaust valve operatively connected to the electric actuator. The at least one exhaust valve is linearly movable by the electric motor. A portion of the at least one exhaust valve is disposed in the housing.

A method of manufacturing a cam piece for a continuously variable valve duration and a cam piece manufactured therefrom, and more particularly, to material and heat treatment conditions of a cam piece, may include manufacturing a cam piece by casting; heating the cam piece; maintaining a heating temperature; and salt-bathing the cam piece, in which the cam piece includes 3.2 to 4.2 wt % of carbon (C), 2.2 to 3.4 wt % of silicon (Si), and the balance iron (Fe), and may have a carbon equivalent value of 4.4 to 4.6.

A system comprises a follower lever and a follower roller rotatably coupled to the follower lever. A pin is rotatably coupled to the follower roller, the pin comprising a first outer portion including a first diameter and a second outer portion including a second diameter. A central portion is positioned between the first outer portion and the second outer portion, the central portion including a third diameter, the third diameter being smaller than the first diameter and the second diameter. One or more first channels is defined by the first outer portion, the one or more first channels positioned within the first outer portion and configured to direct fluid away from the central portion as the pin rotates.

A drive-side rotor is rotated synchronously with a crankshaft. A driven-side rotor is rotated integrally with a camshaft. An internal gear section is formed at the driven-side rotor. An Oldham coupling includes: a driven Oldham flange that is formed at the drive-side rotor; a drive Oldham flange that is formed at the planetary rotor; and an Oldham intermediate that is configured to synchronize rotation of the driven Oldham flange and rotation of the drive Oldham flange while permitting eccentricity between the driven Oldham flange and the drive Oldham flange. There is satisfied a relationship of θ2<θ1 where: θ1 is a maximum tilt amount of the planetary rotor relative to the driven Oldham flange; and θ2 is a maximum tilt amount of the planetary rotor in a clearance formed at the Oldham coupling.

An annular groove has: a side peripheral surface that is shaped in a ring form and is formed such that the side peripheral surface inwardly extends from a bottom surface of the annular groove in a radial direction of a tubular member and is joined to an inner peripheral wall of the tubular member; and a specific shape surface that is formed along at least a part of the side peripheral surface between a bottom surface side end part and an inner peripheral wall side end part of the side peripheral surface such that a diameter of the specific shape surface is progressively reduced in an axial direction of the tubular member from one axial side, at which the bottom surface is placed, toward another axial side, at which the inner peripheral wall is placed.