A phase changing unit of the present invention changes the relative rotational phase of a first rotating body and a second rotating body, and includes: a rotating member to which an external drive shaft is connected and to which a rotational driving force is applied; and a relative rotation mechanism that generates a relative rotation between a first rotating body and a second rotating body by the rotation of the rotating member. The rotating member includes: an action part that is made of metal and acts on the relative rotation mechanism; a connection part which is made of resin and to which the drive shaft is connected; and a fragile part that is made of resin and functions to cut the transmission of a rotational force between the drive shaft and the rotating member when an excessive load has occurred.

An inlet check valve for controlling fluid from a supply into a variable cam timing phaser includes a double flapper check valve assembly with an open position and a closed position, which includes a housing having a body, at least one stopper, a flapper valve comprising at least two flexible flaps received within the housing and aligned with the stopper(s), and a valve seat received within the housing, the valve seat defining openings aligned with the at least two flexible flaps, axially opposite the two stoppers.

A valve stem sealing assembly may have an elastomeric seal with an upper sealing lip, a middle sealing lip, and a lower sealing lip on an inner surface. The seal may have an outer surface with a spring groove, an upper retainer flange, and a retainer groove. The assembly may also have a retainer with a radially extending leg and an axially extending leg, where the retainer is mechanically locked to the seal.

A valvetrain includes a rocker arm assembly and a power transfer module that provides power to the rocker arm assembly. The power transfer module includes a mounting frame that positions a resilient contact to abut and slide over a corresponding contact on the rocker arm assembly thereby maintain an electrical connection to the rocker arm assembly during rocker arm assembly operation. In some embodiments the structure facilitates retention of the rocker arm assembly on a pivot. The contact on the rocker arm may be provided by a contact pin. The mounting frame may abut and/or go around a pivot for the rocker arm assembly. A contact frame on the rocker arm may hold conductors of the electrical circuit extending from the contacts.

A valve train of an internal combustion engine may include a camshaft, first and second cams, a rocker arm assembly having a displacement bolt, which may be adjustable between at least first and second positions in the axial direction and on which at least one cam roller, may be mounted in an axially fixed and rotatable manner, wherein the displacement bolt may be mounted in associated bearing lugs of the rocker arm assembly, a guide contour arranged on the camshaft and having first and second guide tracks, a switching pin, which may be arranged in the displacement bolt and which may optionally engage with the first or second guide track to adjust the displacement bolt between the first and second positions. In the first and second positions, the cam roller may cooperate with the first and second cams, respectively. First and second catch recesses may be provided on the displacement bolt. A catch device may engage with a catch element, which may be biased into the first or second catch recess and which may secure the displacement bolt in the first or second position. The first and second guide tracks may cross one another in a crossing region. A third catch recess may be provided between the first and second catch recesses, wherein a first catch protuberance may be arranged between the first and the third catch recesses, and a second catch protuberance may be arranged between the second and the third catch recesses, wherein the catch element may engage with the third catch recess in the crossing region.

A valve timing adjustment device includes: a driving rotating body that rotates with a crankshaft; a driven rotating body that rotates with a camshaft; a reduction mechanism configured to change a relative rotation phase of the driving rotating body and the driven rotating body by a driving force of an actuator; and a filter unit capable of capturing a foreign matter contained in lubricating fluid supplied into the reduction mechanism. The reduction mechanism includes: an internal gear portion having internal teeth formed inward in a radial direction, and an external gear portion having external teeth formed outward in the radial direction to mesh with the internal teeth. The driven rotating body has a supply hole penetrating in an axial direction. The filter unit has holes penetrating in the axial direction, and the holes are arranged in a flow path of the lubricating fluid connected to the supply hole.

A tribological system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The tribological system includes a valve seat ring having a first contact surface and a valve having a second contact surface that can placed on the first contact surface for closing a valve opening and is arranged in a seat area of the valve. The valve in the seat area has a seat base composed of a high-nickel-content or a nickel-based material, and is coated with a nickel-based plating that comprises nickel as a main component, to form the second contact surface.

An engine valve includes a stem, a head comprising an outer lip surface, a seating surface extending from the outer lip surface toward the stem, and a combustion surface extending from the outer lip surface on the opposite side of the head as compared to the seating surface. The combustion surface includes a first convex arcuate surface spaced away from the outer lip surface, at least partially forming a raised ring, and a first concave arcuate surface spaced away from the outer lip surface, at least partially forming a dimple.

An engine head assembly includes a valve seat insert having a valve seating surface defining a center axis, and each of an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface extending circumferentially around the valve seat center axis. The outer peripheral surface includes an upper section interference-fitted with the engine head, and a lower section. A stiffness relief channel is formed by a relief cutout in the valve seat insert, and extends radially between the lower section of the outer peripheral surface and the engine head. The stiffness relief channel permits flexing of the valve seat insert to cushion valve seating to prolong engine valve and valve seat insert service life.

A valve train may include a camshaft, a cam sleeve adjustable in an axial direction between first and second positions and non-rotatably arranged on the camshaft, a first cam and at least one second cam, a pin and at least one cam follower mounted thereon, a guide contour arranged on the cam sleeve and having first and second guide tracks, and a control pin optionally engaging in the first or second guide track to adjust the cam sleeve between the first and second positions. The at least one cam follower in the first and second positions may interact respectively with the first and second cams. On the camshaft or an internal surface of the cam sleeve, first and second snap-in recesses and a third snap-in recess therebetween may be arranged. A snap-in device having a snap-in element preloaded into the snap-in recesses may be provided, the snap-in recess fixing the cam sleeve in the first or second position. The first and second guide tracks may intersect in an intersection region. Between the first and third snap-in recesses and between the second and third snap-in recesses, first and second snap-in humps may respectively be arranged. The snap-in element may engage in the third snap-in recess when the control pin is in the intersection region.