A moment-cancelling, four-stroke engine is disclosed. The engine includes a first cylinder having a first piston and a second cylinder having a second piston, a first crankshaft operably connected to the first piston and a second crankshaft operably connected to the second piston. The first crankshaft rotates in a first direction and the second crankshaft rotates in a second direction that is opposite the first direction to cancel the moments applied to the engine and reduce engine vibration.

An engine valve includes a stem, a head comprising an outer lip surface, a seating surface extending from the outer lip surface toward the stem, and a combustion surface extending from the outer lip surface on the opposite side of the head as compared to the seating surface. The combustion surface includes a first convex arcuate surface spaced away from the outer lip surface, at least partially forming a raised ring, and a first concave arcuate surface spaced away from the outer lip surface, at least partially forming a dimple.

A copper alloy for engine valve seats manufactured by laser cladding improves wear resistance of the copper alloy. The copper alloy includes 12 to 24 wt % of Ni, 2 to 4 wt % of Si, 4 to 12 wt % of Mo, 15 to 35 wt % of Fe, and the remaining wt % of Cu and impurities.

A head, for an internal combustion engine, is provided, the head using at least one plate to control the filling and emptying of the combustion chamber. The plate may be placed so that the movement of the plate may open or close the intake and/or exhaust ports. The timing of the opening and closing of the port can be controlled by a partial cutout in the plate.

The disclosure relates to an electric motor having a base motor module and an electronic module. The electronic module is electrically and mechanically connected to the base motor module and comprises a printed circuit board and an electronics housing. The electronics housing forms two supporting surfaces, with which the printed circuit board can be brought into contact.

[Object] Object is to provide hydraulic control valve capable of increasing flexibility of layout of ports without requiring high accuracy of dimensions of component.

[Solution] Hydraulic control valve has cylindrical valve body 50 having, at cylindrical shaft portion 50b, retard and advance ports 18a, 19a and reintroduction ports 58; spool valve 51 provided slidably in axial direction in valve body 50 and making switch between supply/discharge of working fluid to/from retard and advance hydraulic chambers 11, 12 through land portions 51a, 51b; cylindrical sleeve 52 formed with synthetic resin material and fixed to outer peripheral surface of cylindrical shaft portion 50b; and actuator 55 moving spool valve 51 in axial direction. Sleeve 52 has, at peripheral wall thereof, retard and advance oil passage holes 64a, 64b communicating with retard and advance ports 18a, 19a, and has, on inner peripheral surface thereof, communication grooves 65 communicating with reintroduction ports 58.

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite component (12). At least one shaft (2) and at least one sintered part (1), preferably in the form of a rotor or a cam, are assembled into the composite component. In order to assemble the composite component, at least the following steps are carried out: —introducing the shaft (2) into a continuous bore (3) of the sintered part (1) and —calibrating the sintered part (1) at least by means of a calibrating die (4), furthermore preferably with the simultaneous application of an axial force onto the sintered part (1) by means of at least one upper punch (5) and at least one lower punch (7), wherein the shaft (2) can be found in the bore (3) of the sintered part (1) at least temporarily during the calibration process. The invention further relates to a composite component (12).

An engine valve and a method of producing the engine valve are provided. The engine valve includes a shaft part and an umbrella part formed at one end of the shaft part. The engine valve opens and closes an intake port or an exhaust port of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Further, at least a portion of the engine valve that extends from the umbrella part to a position on the shaft part in a longitudinal direction thereof includes a valve body made of steel or nickel alloy, and a core member made of copper or copper alloy and provided inside the valve body.

A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes a driving-side rotational body, a driven-side rotational body, a cylindrical member provided at an inner portion of the driven-side rotational body, a bolt including a cylinder shaft portion, an advanced angle flow passage and a retarded angle flow passage, an introduction passage bringing the working fluid supplied from an outside to flow, a first connection passage bringing the working fluid at the introduction passage to flow to an inner side of the cylinder shaft portion, a second communication passage and a third communication passage arranged at the cylinder shaft portion, and a control valve element provided at the inner side of the cylinder shaft portion, the second communication passage and the advanced angle flow passage being in communication with a void provided between the bolt head and the cylindrical member and between the cylinder shaft portion and the driven-side rotational body.