A valvetrain includes a rocker arm assembly having an electromagnetic latch housed in a chamber formed by a rocker arm. The chamber may be a retrofit hydraulic chamber. A flux shifting bi-stable latch provides a sufficiently compact design. Isolation of the magnetic elements within the rocker arm chamber may provide protection from metal particles carried by oil in an operating environment for the rocker arm assembly. Wiring connections to the rocker arms may be made through spring posts on the rocker arms. Connection to the rocker arms may be made with springs that can endure the rapid motion induced by the rocker arms. A wiring harness for the rocker arms may attach to hydraulic lash adjusters of the rocker arm assemblies. The rocker arm assemblies and their wiring may be formed into a unitary module that facilitates installation.

A latching electromechanical actuator (9) includes a soft iron armature (31) movable between first and second positions, a permanent magnet (5A), a solenoid (23), and a soft iron external frame (11). The permanent magnet (5A) may be stationary relative to the solenoid (23) and operative to hold the armature (31) stably in either the first position or the second position. The actuator (9) provides two distinct magnetic flux paths (24A, 24B), one or the other of which is the primary flux path for the permanent magnet (5A) depending on whether the position of armature (31). Both flux paths pass through the armature (31). One of the flux paths may pass through the external frame (11). The other does not. The actuator (9) may include two permanent magnets (5) performing complementary roles for the first and second positions. The actuator (9) can be simply constructed, compact, and highly efficient.

A rocker assembly for a type III center pivot valvetrain comprises a rocker arm comprising a cam end, a center pivot bore, and a valve end. The valve end comprises a first actuator bore and a second actuator bore. A cylinder deactivation actuator is in the first actuator bore. An engine brake actuator is in the second actuator bore. The rocker assembly can be part of a valve assembly and can impart an engine braking function, a cylinder deactivation function, and a main lift function to first and second valves. It is also possible to impart an early exhaust valve opening, a main lift function, and a late exhaust valve closing to the engine braking valve.

An engine valve actuation mechanism for producing a variable engine valve event includes a cam, a rocker arm, a rocker arm shaft, an eccentric rocker arm bushing, and a bushing actuation device. The eccentric rocker arm bushing is disposed in an axial hole in the rocker arm, the rocker arm shaft being disposed in the eccentric rocker arm bushing with the rocker arm shaft and the eccentric rocker arm bushing having offset axial centerlines. One end of the rocker arm and the cam is connected to form a kinematic pair and the other end of the rocker arm is located above the engine valve with a gap between the cam and the engine valve. The bushing actuation device is placed in the rocker arm and drives the eccentric rocker arm bushing to rotate, and the rotation of the eccentric rocker arm bushing changes the gap to generate the variable engine valve event.

A rotational combustion engine that generates force from the reciprocal motion and centripetal motion of one or more pistons that is then converted into rotational motion of a first cam and second cam wherein the cams are separated by a 2-3 degree horizontal offset and an angle of 60 degrees as well as camshaft assembly and driving shaft to provide power to an entity such as an automobile.

A castellation device comprises a shaft surrounded by three castellation members. A first castellation member is rotatably mounted on the shaft and comprises a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. A second castellation member is slidably mounted along the shaft adjacent the first end of the first castellation member. A third castellation member is mounted to the shaft adjacent the second end of the first castellation member. A bias spring is disposed between the second castellation member and the third castellation member and is configured to bias the second castellation member away from the third castellation member. Optionally, an annular shroud can enclose the three castellation members. The first castellation member is rotatable relative to the second and third castellation members between a first position and a second position.

An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block that defines a cylinder and a cylinder head positioned relative to the cylinder block. A reciprocating piston is arranged inside the cylinder for compressing an air and fuel mixture at a geometric compression ratio of at least 10:1. A crankshaft is arranged in the cylinder block and rotated by the piston. An intake valve is operatively connected to the cylinder head and controls delivery of air to the cylinder for combustion therein. A mechanism provides late intake valve closing via constant peak lift of the intake valve over at least 5 degrees of crankshaft rotation. A multi-stage boosting system, having a turbocharger, a supercharger, and a continuously variable transmission for varying the supercharger's rotating speed, is regulated by a controller to selectively pressurize air being received from the ambient for delivery to the cylinder.

Generally, a rotatable valve assembly operative in an internal combustion engine is provided. The rotatable valve assembly may comprise a valve body rotatably supported in the cylinder head. The valve body may have various shapes which may allow to maximize an effective working area of a combustion chamber head and at the same time to decrease an overall space occupied by a cylinder head of the engine. The rotatable valve assembly may directly utilize an engine's camshaft rotational motion to drive the rotational motion of the valve body, thereby eliminating a need in dedicated mechanisms that convert the camshafts rotational motion into linear translational motion typically utilized in current cylinder heads. Finally, rotational motion of the valve body may reduce a time required to reach a maximal effective working area for air-fuel mixture supply and/or gas exhaust and/or may provide a smoother and quitter engine operation.

A variable valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine includes a cam, a transmission mechanism, a first variable device that controls the transmission mechanism to continuously change at least a maximum lift amount of a lift curve indicating a lift amount of a valve that corresponds to a rotation angle of the internal combustion engine, and a second variable device that controls the transmission mechanism to continuously change at least an operation angle of the lift curve. When the lift curve lies in any condition within a predetermined range that covers all or part of a variable range of the lift curve, an absolute value of a ratio of a maximum lift amount variation to an operation angle variation for a slight change from the condition caused by the first variable device is larger than that for a slight change from the condition caused by the second variable device.

Internal combustion engine having cam actuated valves that can be controlled to facilitate the use of different air charge levels in different cylinders or sets of cylinders are described. In one aspect a first set of cylinders is operated in a skip fire manner in which the corresponding cylinders are deactivated during skipped working cycles. Cam actuated intake valves associated with a second set of cylinders are operated differently so that the air charge in the cylinders in the second set is different than the air charge in fired cylinders subject to the skip fire control. According to another aspect, an engine having cam actuated intake valves is operated in a dynamic firing level modulation mode. During the dynamic firing level modulation operation, the cam actuated intake valves are controlled in at least two different manners to such that different cylinder working cycles have different air charges.