A method of determining the total evaporation rate of fuel from an oil sump of an engine comprising: a) defining for said fuel, a plurality (n-1) of zones, each zone comprising a separate temperature range, and corresponding to a particular fuel constituent portion; b) determining or estimating the mass of said particular fuel constituent portion present in the sump for each zone; c) for each zone, determining an evaporation rate based on oil temperature; and the corresponding mass determined in step b); d) summing the evaporation rates for each zone from step c) to provide said total evaporation rate.

Provided are a variable valve timing mechanism, an oil pump supplying oil to a hydraulically-actuated device including the variable valve timing mechanism, and a hydraulic control valve which controls oil pressures supplied to a locking mechanism (which includes a locking member configured to fix a phase angle of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft) of the variable valve timing mechanism, an advanced angle chamber and a retarded angle chamber. While an oil pressure in a hydraulic path detected by a hydraulic sensor increases, a hydraulic control valve controller adjusts a degree of opening of a hydraulic control valve according to the detected oil pressure at a time of releasing the locking member from a locking state, to reduce the oil pressure to be supplied to the advanced angle chamber or the retarded angle chamber used to change the phase angle of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft.

A system to change the oil from above the hood includes a reversible motor connected to the oil system, preferably the sump drain. The pump is further connected to a container. The pump initially draws the oil from the oil sump and directs it into an empty container. A full container of oil is then connected to the pump, which is then reversed, pumping the oil new oil into the engine's oil sump. Alternately, the system can be directed to and from the existing oil filter connection.

An oil change system. The oil change system includes a plurality of fluid systems and a control circuit. Each of the fluid systems is couplable to a quick fit valve of a vehicle. The control circuit is coupled to the plurality of fluid systems, comprises a processing circuit, and is configured to control delivery of a predetermined volume of a fluid to the quick fit valve of the vehicle.

A system with active pressure control includes a sensor, a valve, and a controller. The sensor interfaces with and senses a pressure within a cavity of system component. The valve is disposed along a gas discharge path in fluid communication with a gas outlet port of a separator. The controller varies open area of the valve based on the pressure measured by the sensor.

A vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an automatic transmission capable of transmitting and receiving torque to and from an output shaft of the internal combustion engine is controlled. During operation of the internal combustion engine, a process that calculates a diluted water amount based on an operation state of the internal combustion engine is executed. The diluted water amount is the amount of water contained in lubricating oil in the internal combustion engine. Further, a process that controls the automatic transmission such that torque per unit period in the internal combustion engine becomes smaller when the diluted water amount is relatively large compared to when the diluted water amount is relatively small, while continuing the operation of the internal combustion engine, is executed.