An aftertreatment system comprises: a housing, a SCR system disposed in the housing. A mixer is disposed upstream of the SCR system and includes: a hub, a tubular member disposed circumferentially around the hub and defining a reductant entry port, and plurality of vanes extending from the hub to the tubular member such that openings are defined between adjacent vanes. The plurality of vanes swirl the exhaust gas in a circumferential direction. A reductant injector is disposed on the housing upstream of the SCR system along a transverse axis and configured to insert a reductant into the exhaust gas flowing through the housing through the reductant entry port. The reductant is inserted at a non-zero angle with respect to the transverse axis opposite the circumferential direction to achieve virtual interception. A mixer central axis is radially offset with respect to a housing central axis of the housing.

An engine is equipped with an engine body, a turbocharger, an exhaust gas purifier, an exhaust communication pipe. The turbocharger is connected to the engine body. The exhaust gas purifier purifies exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger. The exhaust communication pipe connects the turbocharger with the exhaust gas purifier. The exhaust communication pipe includes: a first connection member that is connected to the turbocharger, and a second connection member that connects the first connection member with the exhaust gas purifier. A downstream end portion of the first connection member has an inner peripheral face having a cross-section of a circular shape. An upstream end portion of the first connection member has an inner peripheral face having a cross-section of an abnormal-shape that is different from the inner peripheral face of the downstream end portion.

Scalable greenhouse gas capture systems and methods to allow a user to off-load exhaust captured in an on-board vehicle exhaust capture device and to allow for a delivery vehicle or other transportation mechanism to obtain and transport the exhaust. The systems and methods may involve one or more exhaust pumps, each with an exhaust nozzle corresponding to a vehicle exhaust port. Upon engagement with the vehicle exhaust port, the exhaust nozzle may create an air-tight seal between the exhaust nozzle and the vehicle exhaust port. A first pipe may be configured to transport captured exhaust therethrough from the exhaust nozzle to. The captured exhaust may be at least temporarily stored in an exhaust holding tank connected to and in fluid communication with the first pipe

A method to control a burner for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas after-treatment system including at least one catalytic converter. The method provides the steps of calculating the thermal power needed to reach the nominal operating temperature of the at least one catalytic converter and determining an actual number of revolutions with which to operate a fresh air pumping device based on the sum of a nominal number of revolutions, a closed-loop contribution of the number of revolutions with which to operate the fresh air pumping device, and a further contribution of the number of revolutions with which to operate the fresh air pumping device in order to ensure optimal thermal power exiting the burner.

When an amount of particulate matter (PM) collected by a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) reaches a predetermined amount, a central processing unit (CPU) executes a regeneration process for regenerating the GPF. That is, the CPU stops supply of fuel to any one of cylinders #1 to #4, while increasing an amount of fuel supplied to remaining cylinders. When a temperature of a three-way catalyst becomes equal to or higher than a first temperature, the CPU increases an injection amount to lower a temperature of exhaust gas. When the temperature of the three-way catalyst becomes equal to or higher than the first temperature during the execution of the regeneration process, the CPU does not increase the injection amount.

A PM sensor is arranged downstream of a one-side blocked filter that collects a particulate matter in exhaust gas of an engine, and first and second sensor abnormality diagnoses are executed based on output of the PM sensor. In the first sensor abnormality diagnosis, a filter-outflow PM amount (an amount of the PM flowing out from the one-side blocked filter) is estimated based on a working condition of the engine and a PM collection rate of the one-side blocked filter, and an occurrence of output abnormality of the PM sensor is determined by comparing a sensor-detection PM amount (an amount of the PM detected based on the output of the PM sensor) with the filter-outflow PM amount. In the second sensor abnormality diagnosis, an engine discharging PM amount (an amount of the PM discharged from the engine) is estimated based on a working condition of the engine, and an occurrence of output abnormality of the PM sensor is determined by comparing an increasing rate of the output of the PM sensor with an increasing rate of the engine discharging PM amount.

A catalyst for purification of exhaust gas including a substrate, and a catalyst coat layer which is formed on a surface of the substrate and contains catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst coat layer has an average thickness ranging 25 to 150 μm, a void fraction, as determined by scanning electron microscope observation of a cross-section of the catalyst coat layer, ranging 1.5 to 8.0% by volume, 60 to 90% by volume of all voids in the catalyst coat layer are high-aspect ratio pores which have equivalent circle diameters ranging 2 to 50 μm in a cross-sectional image of a cross-section of the catalyst coat layer perpendicular to a flow direction of exhaust gas in the substrate, and which ratios of 5 or higher, the high-aspect ratio pores have an average aspect ratio ranging 10 to 50, and a noble metal is supported on the entire catalyst coat layer.

An apparatus includes a dosing module structured to suspend dosing in an exhaust aftertreatment system; a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) inlet NOx module structured to interpret SCR inlet NOx data and an SCR inlet temperature; a SCR outlet NOx module structured to interpret SCR outlet NOx data; and a system diagnostic module structured to determine an efficiency of a SCR system based on the SCR inlet and outlet NOx data over a range of SCR temperatures, wherein the system diagnostic module is further structured to determine a state of at least one of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), and the SCR system based on the SCR efficiency at an elevated SCR temperature range and the SCR efficiency at a relatively lower SCR temperature range relative to a high SCR efficiency threshold and a low SCR efficiency threshold.

A provision of assemblies and methods for treating exhaust gases from combustion devices to reduce air contaminants in the exhaust gas. The exhaust from a combustion device is cooled, followed by passing the exhaust through first and second catalytic chambers with an oxygen enrichment means in between the catalytic chambers. The catalytic chambers comprise at least one catalyst that substantially reduces nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide or both.

A three-way catalyst and an NO.sub.x adsorption catalyst are disposed in an engine exhaust passage. In a predetermined low-load engine operation area, combustion in a combustion chamber is carried out at a lean base air-fuel ratio and an air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is changed to a rich range at the time of discharging NO.sub.x from the NO.sub.x adsorption catalyst. In a predetermined high-load engine operation area, the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is controlled to a theoretical air-fuel ratio in a feedback manner. In a predetermined middle-load engine operation area, the combustion in the combustion chamber is carried out at the base air-fuel ratio lower than the base air-fuel ratio in the low-load engine operation area and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is changed to the rich range with a period shorter than a rich period of the air-fuel ratio for discharging NO.sub.x in the low-load engine operation area.