A method of operating a fan for an air-cooled internal combustion engine includes starting the air-cooled internal combustion engine, operating the fan in a first operating mode in which the fan rotates in a first direction, and operating the fan in a second operating mode in which the fan rotates in a second direction.

Disclosed are the use of fluorine substituted olefins, including tetra- and penta-fluoropropenes, in a variety of applications, including in methods of depositing catalyst on a solid support, methods of sterilizing articles, cleaning methods and compositions, methods of applying medicaments, fire extinguishing/suppression compositions and methods, flavor formulations, fragrance formulations and inflating agents.

A ram air system includes a bay comprising an exterior wall defining an interior volume that at least partially encloses a ram air duct. The ram air duct includes an outlet configured to discharge an exhaust airflow at a first temperature. At least one of the exterior wall and the ram air duct defines an aperture therein providing for flow communication between the bay interior volume and the exhaust airflow such that cooling air flows from the interior volume to form a boundary layer between the exhaust airflow and the exterior wall downstream of the outlet. The boundary layer is at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.

A ram air system includes a bay comprising an exterior wall defining an interior volume that at least partially encloses a ram air duct. The ram air duct includes an outlet configured to discharge an exhaust airflow at a first temperature. At least one of the exterior wall and the ram air duct defines an aperture therein providing for flow communication between the bay interior volume and the exhaust airflow such that cooling air flows from the interior volume to form a boundary layer between the exhaust airflow and the exterior wall downstream of the outlet. The boundary layer is at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.

There is provided a packaged engine working machine including, in a lower space of a package an electrical component storage box adapted to be impervious to heat from the engine and intrusion of dust or the like. In a packaged engine working machine in which an engine and a working machine driven by the engine are disposed in a lower space of a package, a storage box for storing a non-heat-generating electrical component included in electrical components for the engine and working machine, and a ventilation duct having a ventilation fan for sucking outside air into the lower space are each disposed in the lower space, and the packaged engine working machine includes an introduction path through which the ventilation duct and the storage box are communicated with each other, and the outside air sucked by the ventilation fan is partially guided into the storage box.

There is provided a packaged engine working machine including, in a lower space of a package an electrical component storage box adapted to be impervious to heat from the engine and intrusion of dust or the like. In a packaged engine working machine in which an engine and a working machine driven by the engine are disposed in a lower space of a package, a storage box for storing a non-heat-generating electrical component included in electrical components for the engine and working machine, and a ventilation duct having a ventilation fan for sucking outside air into the lower space are each disposed in the lower space, and the packaged engine working machine includes an introduction path through which the ventilation duct and the storage box are communicated with each other, and the outside air sucked by the ventilation fan is partially guided into the storage box.

Methods and systems are provided for a vehicle comprising, during a first condition comprising when an active grille shutter (AGS) position change over a second interval is less than a threshold position change: stalling an AGS motor for a first interval; calculating a fuel economy change over the first interval; and determining a degradation of an AGS sensor based on the fuel economy change being greater than a threshold fuel economy change over the first interval. In this way, various degradation modes of the AGS including faulty AGS position sensors and a mechanical AGS degradation can be differentiated. Furthermore, in the event of an AGS position sensor degradation, the AGS position can be inferred so that operation of the AGS and the fuel consumption reduction advantages conferred therefrom can be preserved.

An engine unit for a vehicle includes an engine body, an oil tank, and a power transmission shaft. The engine body includes a cylinder unit and a crankcase. The oil tank is disposed horizontally or substantially horizontally with respect to the engine body. The power transmission shaft includes a crankshaft supported by the crankcase. The power transmission shaft at least partially overlaps with the oil tank in a side view of the engine unit. The power transmission shaft extends from the engine body to a position beyond the oil tank in an axial direction of the crankshaft.

An air flap system for controlling air ingress into a motor vehicle has at least one air flap, which can be pivoted between an open position and a closed position, and an actuator, which is coupled to the air flap, such that the actuator is suitable for effecting the pivoting of the air flap. The actuator is arranged off-center in a central region with respect to one extent of the air flap system along a transverse axis of the vehicle. The central region is one of at least three regions which are arranged adjoining one another along the extent, the central region being arranged centrally with respect to the extent.

An air-cooled internal combustion engine including a crankshaft, a cylinder, a blower assembly including a blower housing and a fan, and a static cover. The static cover includes a main body that is aligned with the crankshaft, an arm that extends from the main body and is aligned with the cylinder, and a plurality of air intake openings. A first subset of the air intake openings is formed through the main body and a second subset of the air intake openings is formed through the arm, and the static cover is configured to prevent user access to a moving component of the engine. The fan is configured to move air into the blower housing through the air intake openings.