The present invention relates to a viscometric properties improver capable of improving the fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine, and an additive composition for a liquid coolant containing the viscometric properties improver. [1] A viscometric properties improver consisting of a compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) and a compound (B) represented by the following formula (2), and [2] an additive composition for a liquid coolant containing the same:
R.sup.1OR.sup.2O.sub.mSO.sub.3M  (1)
R.sup.3O—SO.sub.3M  (2) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same as or different from each other and each represent a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 12 or more and 24 or less carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group; m represents an addition molar number of R.sup.2O of 1 or more and 15 or less; and M represents a cation or a hydrogen atom.

The present invention relates to a viscometric properties improver capable of improving the fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine, and an additive composition for a liquid coolant containing the viscometric properties improver. [1] A viscometric properties improver consisting of a compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) and a compound (B) represented by the following formula (2), and [2] an additive composition for a liquid coolant containing the same:
R.sup.1OR.sup.2O.sub.mSO.sub.3M  (1)
R.sup.3O—SO.sub.3M  (2) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same as or different from each other and each represent a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 12 or more and 24 or less carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group; m represents an addition molar number of R.sup.2O of 1 or more and 15 or less; and M represents a cation or a hydrogen atom.

An engine device including a cylinder head provided with a plurality of air-intake passages for taking fresh air into a plurality of air-intake ports and a plurality of exhaust gas passages for emitting exhaust gas from a plurality of exhaust gas ports. An air-intake manifold which aggregates the air-intake passages is formed integrally with one of left and right side portions of the cylinder head. An EGR cooler is coupled to a front surface of the cylinder head; and EGR gas passages and cooling water passages communicating with the EGR cooler are provided in a coupling portion of the cylinder head with the EGR cooler.

The present invention relates to a cooling system (1) of an internal-combustion engine. Cooling system (1) comprises a closed cooling loop and it includes a closed loop in a Rankine cycle allowing part of the coolant heat to be recovered. According to the invention, the cooling loop comprises two thermostats (6; 20) and evaporator (19) of the Rankine loop is arranged between the two thermostats (6; 20).

Systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can overcome some of the disadvantages associated with existing internal combustion engines. In particular, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein relate to improving the combustion process of internal combustion engines through insert technologies, engine modifications, control technologies, and/or other methodologies.

Systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can overcome some of the disadvantages associated with existing internal combustion engines. In particular, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein relate to improving the combustion process of internal combustion engines through insert technologies, engine modifications, control technologies, and/or other methodologies.

An engine cooling structure includes a cylinder block including a block inner peripheral wall and a block outer peripheral wall that define a water jacket, and a spacer housed in the water jacket. The block outer peripheral wall includes a coolant inlet for introducing a coolant into the water jacket at one end in a cylinder row direction. The spacer includes a peripheral wall surrounding the block inner peripheral wall, and a dividing wall and a distribution wall provided on the peripheral wall. The dividing wall is provided along a circumferential direction of the peripheral wall and protrudes outward from the peripheral wall between a lower end and an upper end of the coolant inlet. The distribution wall includes an upper distribution wall extending upward from the dividing wall and a lower distribution wall extending downward from the dividing wall.

A coolant composition includes a viscosity improving agent and a base. The viscosity improving agent includes at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one anionic surfactant represented by the following Formula (1) of R.sup.1O(R.sup.2O).sub.mSO.sub.3M. The base is formed of water and/or at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol, and a glycol monoalkyl ether. R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 16 to 24 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, m represents an average addition molar number of R.sup.2O which is a number of 0.5 to 10, and M represents a cation or a hydrogen atom. A shear viscosity of the coolant composition is 8.5 mPa.Math.s or higher at 25 C. and is 2.0 mPa.Math.s or lower at 100 C.

A coolant composition includes a viscosity improving agent and a base. The viscosity improving agent includes at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one anionic surfactant represented by the following Formula (1) of R.sup.1O(R.sup.2O).sub.mSO.sub.3M. The base is formed of water and/or at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol, and a glycol monoalkyl ether. R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 16 to 24 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, m represents an average addition molar number of R.sup.2O which is a number of 0.5 to 10, and M represents a cation or a hydrogen atom. A shear viscosity of the coolant composition is 8.5 mPa.Math.s or higher at 25 C. and is 2.0 mPa.Math.s or lower at 100 C.

An example system includes an engine and an exhaust passage fluidly coupled to the engine. A waste heat recovery system includes a boiler operatively coupled to the exhaust passage, and a condenser fluidly coupled to the boiler. An integrated cooling system includes an engine cooling circuit, a waste heat recovery cooling circuit, a waste heat recovery bypass valve, and a controller. The waste heat recovery bypass valve is operatively coupled to the exhaust passage upstream of the boiler, and is selectively controllable so as to direct at least a portion of the exhaust gas through an exhaust bypass passage so as to bypass the boiler. The controller is in operative communication with the waste heat recovery bypass valve. The controller is structured to determine a cooling demand of the engine, and to control a valve position of the waste heat recovery bypass valve based on the cooling demand.