A control system of an internal combustion engine includes a port injection valve and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to: (i) obtain one of a start crank angle and an end crank angle, (ii) calculate the other of the start crank angle and the end crank angle, based on an equation for calculating a provisional injection amount of the case where the port injection valve provisionally injects the fuel with the one of the start crank angle and the end crank angle and a given crank angle range; (iii) convert a crank angle range from the start crank angle to the end crank angle, into a target energization period; and (iv) perform fuel injection by energizing the port injection valve for the target energization period.

A device and corresponding methods for applying a coating material are disclosed. The method may include applying a first coating material on a threaded region of an opening in a multi-piece assembly, and inserting at least one fastener to the threaded region. The fastener may include a mating thread selectively secured to the threaded region of the opening to create a first friction interface between the fastener and the multi-piece assembly. The method may further include tensioning the fastener between a load surface of the multi-piece assembly and the mating thread. In one example, the load surface may define in part a second friction interface between the fastener and the multi-piece assembly that is spaced away from the threaded region such that the first coating material does not influence the second friction interface. In another example, the first coating material may be applied in a substantially uniform thickness.