An exhaust system for a lean-burn internal combustion engine is described, and includes an injection system for injecting reductant into an exhaust gas feedstream upstream of a selective catalytic reduction device (SCR). A control method for controlling the injection system includes determining an upstream NOx gas concentration upstream of the SCR device, determining a measured downstream NOx gas concentration based upon a signal output from a sensor configured to monitor NOx gas concentration downstream of the SCR device, and determining an estimated downstream NOx gas concentration based upon an executable model. A first correlation between the upstream NOx gas concentration and the measured downstream NOx gas concentration is determined, and a second correlation between the upstream NOx gas concentration and the estimated downstream NOx gas concentration is determined. The reductant injection is controlled based upon the first and second correlations.

A control device (7) of a cylinder direct injection type internal combustion engine (1) controls a fuel injection device (4) and an ignition device (5), executes injection of the fuel and ignition over multiple times, and executes a control of varying an interval between a timing of the injection of the fuel and a timing of the ignition, at the time of an ignition start in which the fuel is injected into a combustion chamber (3) in an expansion stroke with rotation of an output shaft (6) is stopped state and the fuel is ignited to start the rotation of the output shaft (6). The control device (7) varies the interval between the timing of the injection of the fuel and the timing of the ignition by adjusting a correlation of a pitch of the injection of the fuel over multiple times and a pitch of the ignition over multiple times. Therefore, the internal combustion engine (1) and the control device (7) have an effect of being able to enhance the starting property.

A tubular structure (100) adapted to connect a valve cover (200) of an internal combustion engine (300) to a portion (310) of the internal combustion engine (300) is disclosed. The portion (310) encircles a spark plug connection interface (320). The tubular structure (100) is adapted to protect an ignition coil (400) from oil for lubrication of parts coverable by the valve cover (200). The ignition coil (400) is mountable at least partly within the tubular structure (100), whereby the tubular structure (100) is capable of forming part of a magnetic shield for shielding the ignition coil (400). The tubular structure (100) comprises a soft magnetic material and wherein at least a portion (106) of the tubular structure (100) has a relative permeability greater than 10 and a resistivity greater than 0.3 m. The portion (106) of the tubular structure (100) extends along and at least partially overlaps with a longest winding of the ignition coil (400) as seen in the longitudinal direction of the ignition coil (400), when the ignition coil (400) and the tubular structure (100) are mounted in the internal combustion engine (300).

A tubular structure (100) adapted to connect a valve cover (200) of an internal combustion engine (300) to a portion (310) of the internal combustion engine (300) is disclosed. The portion (310) encircles a spark plug connection interface (320). The tubular structure (100) is adapted to protect an ignition coil (400) from oil for lubrication of parts coverable by the valve cover (200). The ignition coil (400) is mountable at least partly within the tubular structure (100), whereby the tubular structure (100) is capable of forming part of a magnetic shield for shielding the ignition coil (400). The tubular structure (100) comprises a soft magnetic material and wherein at least a portion (106) of the tubular structure (100) has a relative permeability greater than 10 and a resistivity greater than 0.3 m. The portion (106) of the tubular structure (100) extends along and at least partially overlaps with a longest winding of the ignition coil (400) as seen in the longitudinal direction of the ignition coil (400), when the ignition coil (400) and the tubular structure (100) are mounted in the internal combustion engine (300).

A utility vehicle comprising a frame, a body supported by the frame, a seating area supported by the frame, front and rear ground engaging members supporting the frame and the body, and a powertrain drivingly coupled to the front and rear ground engaging members, the powertrain including an engine having a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinders, a cylinder head removably coupled to the cylinder block, a crankcase having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the crankcase being removably coupled to the cylinder block, and at least one gasket positioned between the cylinder block and the first portion of the crankcase, the at least one gasket configured to individually seal each of the plurality of cylinders relative to the first portion of the crankcase.

A utility vehicle comprising a frame, a body supported by the frame, a seating area supported by the frame, front and rear ground engaging members supporting the frame and the body, and a powertrain drivingly coupled to the front and rear ground engaging members, the powertrain including an engine having a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinders, a cylinder head removably coupled to the cylinder block, a crankcase having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the crankcase being removably coupled to the cylinder block, and at least one gasket positioned between the cylinder block and the first portion of the crankcase, the at least one gasket configured to individually seal each of the plurality of cylinders relative to the first portion of the crankcase.

The present disclosure relates to a cylinder head configured to mount to a combustion cylinder of an internal combustion engine, ICE, the cylinder head including a cylinder head surface configured to face an internal combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder, a cavity including an inner cavity surface and a cavity side wall, the cavity extending from the cylinder head surface, along the cavity side wall, to the inner cavity surface in a direction away from the cylinder head surface, and an opening arranged in the inner cavity surface, the opening being configured to be provided with a fuel injector for feeding gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the cavity side wall includes a surface discontinuity portion, the surface discontinuity portion being arranged at a distance from the inner cavity surface.