Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

The present invention is a compression-ignition direct-injection internal-combustion engine comprising at least a cylinder (10), a cylinder head (12) carrying fuel injection means (14), a piston (16) sliding in the cylinder, a combustion chamber (34) limited on one side by an upper face (44) of the piston comprising a projection (48) extending in the direction of the cylinder head and located in a center of a concave bowl (46). The engine comprises injection projecting fuel in at least two fuel jet sheets. One of the zones comprises a toroidal volume (64) having center B with a flat bottom (56) into which fuel jets (40) of the lower sheet are injected so that an axis C1 of the lower sheet jets is contained between center B and projection (48).

A direct fuel injection internal combustion engine having an injector for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber thereof is provided. The engine is configured so that a tumble flow is generated in the combustion chamber. A fuel injection by the injector can be performed in a first injection mode and a second injection mode, the first injection mode being a mode in which the fuel injection is completed after the tumble flow is generated, and the second injection mode being a mode in which the fuel injection is completed before the tumble flow is generated. The fuel injection of the first injection mode is performed before completion of the warming-up of the engine, and the fuel injection of the second injection mode is performed after completion of the warming-up of the engine.

Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection device in which fuel sprays hardly adhere to an intake valve, a wall surface in an engine cylinder, or a piston.

In a fuel injection device including a valve body 114 and a seat surface 601 to perform injection and sealing of fuel cooperatively and a plurality of injection holes 501 and 502 of which inlet opening surfaces are formed on the seat surface 601, a first injection hole 501 and a second injection hole 501 and 502 arranged closest to the first injection hole 501, which configure the plurality of injection holes 501 and 502, are configured such that the first injection hole 501 is larger than the second injection hole 502 in an injection hole angle to be an angle formed by a normal direction 601a of the seat surface 601 and a center axis 119a of the injection hole (1>2) and the second injection hole 502 is larger than the first injection hole 501 in an area of a cross-section perpendicular to the center axis 119a of the injection hole (injection hole diameter Da2>injection hole diameter Da1).

A suction tube of a stratified scavenging engine that can improve the flexibility in designing the shapes and layouts of an air-fuel mixture passage and an air passage; allow for continuous and smooth changes in the shapes of the cross sections of the air-fuel mixture passage and the air passage from the inlet side toward the outlet side; reduce the number of components; and facilitate attachment and assembly; and that is also advantageous in terms of cost is provided. The suction tube includes an air-fuel mixture passage and an air passage, inlet and outlet sides of the passages being connected to a carburetor and a cylinder, respectively; a cylindrical exterior member that mainly forms an outer perimeter portion of each of the air-fuel mixture passage and the air passage; and an interior member for dividing the inside of the cylindrical exterior member into the air-fuel mixture passage and the air passage. With the use of elastic deformation of the interior member or the cylindrical exterior member, the interior member is attached to and integrally formed with the inside of the cylindrical exterior member.

A suction tube of a stratified scavenging engine that can improve the flexibility in designing the shapes and layouts of an air-fuel mixture passage and an air passage; allow for continuous and smooth changes in the shapes of the cross sections of the air-fuel mixture passage and the air passage from the inlet side toward the outlet side; reduce the number of components; and facilitate attachment and assembly; and that is also advantageous in terms of cost is provided. The suction tube includes an air-fuel mixture passage and an air passage, inlet and outlet sides of the passages being connected to a carburetor and a cylinder, respectively; a cylindrical exterior member that mainly forms an outer perimeter portion of each of the air-fuel mixture passage and the air passage; and an interior member for dividing the inside of the cylindrical exterior member into the air-fuel mixture passage and the air passage. With the use of elastic deformation of the interior member or the cylindrical exterior member, the interior member is attached to and integrally formed with the inside of the cylindrical exterior member.

A system for supplementing the electric power needed by a pump jack electric motor, thereby reducing the electric power purchased from the local utility or power supplier. The system comprises a solar photovoltaic system, or other forms of renewable energy, and regenerated power from the electric motor or drive. The system can be both on-grid and off-grid. Battery banks and capacitor banks may be used to store energy.

A gas injector for injecting a gaseous fuel directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a valve-closing element for releasing and sealing a through opening at a sealing seat; a shielding element, which is situated at an end of the valve-closing element on a side of the combustion chamber and which shields the valve-closing element and the sealing seat with respect to the combustion chamber; and a cooling ring having a first contact area designed for direct contact with the shielding element and a second contact area designed for direct contact with a component of the internal combustion engine, in particular with a cylinder head.