Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

A carburetor for a two-stroke internal combustion engine whereby airtightness is maintained and intake of uncombusted fuel into an air path is prevented. The carburetor includes a circular cylindrical valve hole and a rotary valve fitted into the valve hole such that it can rotate and is disposed perpendicularly across a fuel intake path and an air intake path which are formed substantially parallel with respect to each other, and a fuel supply-side bore which controls the flow rate along the fuel intake path and the air supply-side bore which controls the air capacity along the air path pass through part of the cylindrical portion perpendicularly to the axial direction of the rotary valve, and annular recesses formed in part of a circumferential wall of an outer circumference of the rotary valve so as not to correspond to at least the fuel supply-side bore and the air supply-side bore.

A carburetor for a two-stroke internal combustion engine whereby airtightness is maintained and intake of uncombusted fuel into an air path is prevented. The carburetor includes a circular cylindrical valve hole and a rotary valve fitted into the valve hole such that it can rotate and is disposed perpendicularly across a fuel intake path and an air intake path which are formed substantially parallel with respect to each other, and a fuel supply-side bore which controls the flow rate along the fuel intake path and the air supply-side bore which controls the air capacity along the air path pass through part of the cylindrical portion perpendicularly to the axial direction of the rotary valve, and annular recesses formed in part of a circumferential wall of an outer circumference of the rotary valve so as not to correspond to at least the fuel supply-side bore and the air supply-side bore.

Systems and methods are provided for a direct-injection engine having at least one cylinder head comprising at least one cylinder, in which each cylinder is assigned an injection nozzle which: is at least connectable to a fuel reservoir which serves for storing fuel, is secured in a nozzle holder, and is fitted with a nozzle needle which is displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis in a nozzle needle guide and, opens up at least one nozzle hole in order to introduce fuel. A control piston may be mounted movably on the injection nozzle, is displaceable in a translatory manner along the longitudinal axis of the injection nozzle between an inoperative position and a working position, and closes at least one fluid connection in the inoperative position and opens up same in the working position in order to introduce water into the associated cylinder.

A high-pressure spark-ignition and stratification device (2) for internal combustion engine (1) includes: a stratification valve (20) closing a stratification conduit (23) which opens into a stratification prechamber (79), the conduit also opening into a stratification chamber (24) connected by a stratification injection conduit (39) to the combustion chamber (9) of the internal combustion engine (1), the conduit opening near protruding electrodes (26) of a spark plug (25), the electrodes being positioned in the combustion chamber; a stratification actuator (27) responsible for lifting the stratification valve (20); a stratification line (28) connecting the stratification prechamber (79) to the outlet of a stratification compressor (29); a stratification fuel injector (33); elements for recirculating previously cooled exhaust gases (40).

A high-pressure spark-ignition and stratification device (2) for internal combustion engine (1) includes: a stratification valve (20) closing a stratification conduit (23) which opens into a stratification prechamber (79), the conduit also opening into a stratification chamber (24) connected by a stratification injection conduit (39) to the combustion chamber (9) of the internal combustion engine (1), the conduit opening near protruding electrodes (26) of a spark plug (25), the electrodes being positioned in the combustion chamber; a stratification actuator (27) responsible for lifting the stratification valve (20); a stratification line (28) connecting the stratification prechamber (79) to the outlet of a stratification compressor (29); a stratification fuel injector (33); elements for recirculating previously cooled exhaust gases (40).

Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

A vehicle engine includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head installed at an upper portion of the cylinder block and forming a combustion chamber therein, a piston installed at the cylinder block and reciprocating in the cylinder block so that the volume of the combustion chamber is compressed or expanded, an injector installed at the cylinder head for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, a spark plug installed at the cylinder head for igniting the fuel injected from the injector, and a voltage generating member installed inside the piston so that a voltage is generated by a pressure generated during a compression stroke of the piston.