Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

A split cycle internal combustion engine includes a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston and a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston. The engine also includes a controller arranged to receive an indication of a parameter associated with the combustion cylinder and/or a fluid associated therewith and to control an exhaust valve of the combustion cylinder in dependence on the indicated parameter to cause the exhaust valve to close during the return stroke of the combustion piston, before the combustion piston has reached its top dead centre position (TDC), when the indicated parameter is less than a target value for the parameter; and close on completion of the return stroke of the combustion piston, as the combustion piston reaches its top dead centre position (TDC), when the indicated parameter is equal to or greater than the target value for the parameter.

An internal combustion engine includes including a fuel reformation cylinder for reforming a fuel and an output cylinder for yielding an engine power by combusting a fuel or a reformed fuel, wherein at least a part of the surfaces constituting a volume-variable reaction chamber of the fuel reformation cylinder has a highly heat-insulative material.

An internal combustion engine includes including a fuel reformation cylinder for reforming a fuel and an output cylinder for yielding an engine power by combusting a fuel or a reformed fuel, wherein at least a part of the surfaces constituting a volume-variable reaction chamber of the fuel reformation cylinder has a highly heat-insulative material.

Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

A portable electrolyzer includes an electrolyze chamber with an anode and a cathode as electrodes, a membrane, a water source, such as a water storage vessel, a gas tank, a gas compressor, an electric power supply, and a pulse-width modulator. The electrolyzer further includes i) a thermoelectric cooler attached to the electrolyze chamber and/or a gas tank, ii) an ultrasonic generator connected to at least one electrode and/or at least one sonotrode, and/or iii) a mixer capable of mixing the aqueous phase inside the electrolyze chamber. A process to generate and store hydrogen with the electrolyzer, the use of the electrolyzer e.g. for welding with a hydrogen flame, to convert electricity from renewable energies into hydrogen and to store said electricity in the form of hydrogen, and/or for heat generation by burning hydrogen in a porous burner are also disclosed. Furthermore, a blowtorch including the electrolyzer is disclosed.

A portable electrolyzer includes an electrolyze chamber with an anode and a cathode as electrodes, a membrane, a water source, such as a water storage vessel, a gas tank, a gas compressor, an electric power supply, and a pulse-width modulator. The electrolyzer further includes i) a thermoelectric cooler attached to the electrolyze chamber and/or a gas tank, ii) an ultrasonic generator connected to at least one electrode and/or at least one sonotrode, and/or iii) a mixer capable of mixing the aqueous phase inside the electrolyze chamber. A process to generate and store hydrogen with the electrolyzer, the use of the electrolyzer e.g. for welding with a hydrogen flame, to convert electricity from renewable energies into hydrogen and to store said electricity in the form of hydrogen, and/or for heat generation by burning hydrogen in a porous burner are also disclosed. Furthermore, a blowtorch including the electrolyzer is disclosed.