A layer-sintered valve seat ring is disclosed. The layer-sintered valve seat ring includes at least two materials including a function material for a tribological contact with an opposite runner and a support material for the function material. The support material includes: C: 0.5 to 1.8% by weight; Cr: 3 to 16% by weight; Mo: 1 to 5% by weight; W: 0.5 to 5.5% by weight; V: 0.4 to 4.0% by weight; Cu: 12 to 25% by weight; Fe: 41.3 to 82.6% by weight; Mn: up to 0.6% by weight; Si: up to 1.8% by weight; and a remainder of production-related contamination in the form of at least one of Ni, Co, Ca, P, and S that are present in contents of <0.3% by weight each.

A machine includes a prime mover having a power take-off, a chassis configured to support at least an operator and the prime mover, a subframe pivotally coupled to the chassis about a pivot axis at a first location, at least one drive device configured to drive wheels of the machine, a drive belt and pulley arrangement. The subframe is further coupled to the chassis via at least one suspension device at a second location. The at least one drive device is driven by the prime mover and is coupled to the subframe. The pulley arrangement is configured to direct the drive belt from the power take-off of the prime mover to at least one drive pulley on the at least one drive device. The pulley arrangement comprises an idler pulley having a diameter and a rotational axis. The idler pulley is coupled to the chassis such that the rotational axis is spaced from the pivot axis by no greater than 1.5 times the diameter.

An air-cooled internal combustion engine including a crankshaft, a cylinder, a blower assembly including a blower housing and a fan, and a static cover. The static cover includes a main body that is aligned with the crankshaft, an arm that extends from the main body and is aligned with the cylinder, and a plurality of air intake openings. A first subset of the air intake openings is formed through the main body and a second subset of the air intake openings is formed through the arm, and the static cover is configured to prevent user access to a moving component of the engine. The fan is configured to move air into the blower housing through the air intake openings.

An opposed piston engine has a driveshaft with at least two combustion cylinders serially aligned along a center cylinder axis so as to be coaxial, where the center cylinder axis is parallel with but spaced apart from the driveshaft axis. A cam is disposed between adjacent combustion cylinders, as well as adjacent the outermost end of each combustion cylinder in order to reciprocatingly drive piston pairs disposed in each combustion cylinder.

A linear reciprocating engine may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The engine may further include a first piston rod portion extending from a first face of the double-faced piston through the first combustion chamber, and a second piston rod portion extending from a second face of the piston through the second combustion chamber. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between the combustion chamber and a location outside the cylinder and configured to prevent gases from being exchanged between the cylinder and a location outside the cylinder via a path that crosses both face of the piston.

The oil filter device is disposed on a side portion of one side of a cylinder body in a width direction in a cylinder head side with respect to an engine case in a space between center lines of main lubricating oil passages and a cylinder axis line of the cylinder body, and includes an oil pump disposed on the engine case and further lubricating oil passages that connect to the main lubricating oil passage.

An engine includes an engine shaft configured to rotate and cause one or more pistons to reciprocate within a cylinder chamber along an axis, each piston having a first piston part and piston stem to move in unison with or separately from a second piston part to define piston strokes for different thermal functions of the engine. The engine further includes a piston lever having a first end coupled to a movable fulcrum point and a second end coupled at a copy point to the piston stem, an actuation mechanism configured to move the piston lever and thereby the copy point, and a guide apparatus configured to dictate movement of the copy point in a direction substantially parallel to the cylinder axis.

An engine case includes bearings, an oil pump, lubricating oil passages, and a relief device. The bearings rotatably support a crankshaft and a camshaft. The oil pump and the lubricating oil passages are configured to pressure-feed lubricating oil to the bearings. The relief device is configured to adjust a pressure of the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil passages include main lubricating oil passages. The main lubricating oil passages include communication portions linearly formed with extending portions. The communication portions communicate between the respective bearings of the crankshaft and the camshaft from outside the engine case. The extending portions extend from outside the engine case to the bearing of the camshaft. The relief device is disposed having a relief valve and a relief hole at the extending portions.

This invention has two main embodiments. An opposed piston 2-stroke axial engine and a 4-stroke axial engine. The opposed piston two stroke also offers an option of a novel cylinder deactivation design. Both, two stroke and four stroke engines share novel systems for coupling piston reciprocation to shaft rotation, piston and piston ring lubricant distribution, and provision for reacting out piston side load with minimum mechanical friction.

A valve operating apparatus for use in an internal combustion engine includes an intake cam 38, an intake rocker arm 33 rotatable about a rotational shaft 35 and driven by the intake cam 38, and an intake valve 40 pushed by a pusher 70 of the intake rocker arm 33, the internal combustion engine has a cylinder assembly 12L lying horizontally, and the intake rocker arm 33 has a weight 67 adjusting the center of gravity of the rocker arm 33 to position the pusher 70 above the rotational shaft 35 while the intake cam 38 is held out of abutting contact with the intake rocker arm 33.