A diesel engine of the present invention includes a turbocharger including: a turbine provided on an exhaust passage; a compressor provided on an intake passage; and a plurality of nozzle vanes provided around the turbine to control a flow velocity of an exhaust gas colliding with the turbine, angles of the nozzle vanes being changeable. In a case where a ratio of a volume of a combustion chamber when the intake valve is closed to a volume of the combustion chamber when a piston is located at a top dead center is denoted by an effective compression ratio ε.sub.e, and a total displacement of the engine is denoted by V (L), the effective compression ratio ε.sub.e is set to satisfy Formula (1) “−0.67×V+15.2≦ε.sub.e≦14.8.”

A shovel includes an attachment including a working assembly, a diesel engine provided with a supercharger, an oil hydraulic pump connected to the diesel engine provided with the supercharger, and a controller that executes a preload boost function, wherein the preload boost function is for increasing boost pressure of the supercharger prior to increasing a hydraulic pressure load on the oil hydraulic pump, wherein a range accessible by a predetermined part of the attachment includes a partial range at which, upon the working assembly being operated, the preload boost function is to be executed and a partial range at which, upon the working assembly being operated, the preload boost function is not to be executed.

The present disclosure provides a boosting control method of an engine for cylinder de-activation (CDA). The method includes: a CDA operable area confirming step of determining, by a controller based on a driving state of the engine, whether the CDA is in an operable area after the engine starts; an actual boosting deriving step of deriving a total target boosting from the controller and calculating the desired actual boosting; a supercharger operable area confirming step of determining, by the controller, whether the supercharger is in the operable area; a supercharger target rotation speed deriving step of deriving, by the controller, a target rotation speed of the supercharger; and a supercharger passage opening step of closing a bypass valve to open a supercharger passage.

The present disclosure provides a boosting control method of an engine for cylinder de-activation (CDA). The method includes: a CDA operable area confirming step of determining, by a controller based on a driving state of the engine, whether the CDA is in an operable area after the engine starts; an actual boosting deriving step of deriving a total target boosting from the controller and calculating the desired actual boosting; a supercharger operable area confirming step of determining, by the controller, whether the supercharger is in the operable area; a supercharger target rotation speed deriving step of deriving, by the controller, a target rotation speed of the supercharger; and a supercharger passage opening step of closing a bypass valve to open a supercharger passage.

A compressor for an intake section of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle includes an electric motor which has a stator and a rotor where the rotor is drivable by the stator and is rotatable about an axis of rotation relative to the stator. An impeller is drivable by the rotor to compress air which is flowable through the intake section and which is to be supplied to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The rotor is a brushless external rotor such that at least one length region of the stator is disposed in at least one length region of the rotor.

The disclosure relates to internal combustion engines. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for controlling the actuator of the wastegate of an exhaust gas turbocharger of a motor vehicle. A method for controlling an actuator of the wastegate of an exhaust gas turbocharger of a motor vehicle may include: characterizing the wastegate in a model as a series connection of two throttle points; and actuating the wastegate based on the model.

The present disclosure relates to internal combustion engines. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and devices for actuating an exhaust gas recirculation valve of a forced-induction internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation. A method for building up the charge pressure required to avoid a drop in torque may include: detecting an acceleration indicator; in response, providing an increased target value for an exhaust gas recirculation rate; measuring an instantaneous actual charge pressure; determining a setpoint exhaust gas recirculation rate based on the increased target value, the instantaneous setpoint charge pressure, and the instantaneous actual charge pressure; calculating a control signal using the determined setpoint exhaust gas recirculation rate; and delivering the control signal to the exhaust gas recirculation valve to change its opening state.

Embodiments for controlling exhaust gas turbines are provided. In one embodiment, a method for controlling a turbocharger arrangement of an internal combustion engine, the turbocharger arrangement having at least a first exhaust-gas turbine and a second exhaust-gas turbine arranged downstream of the first, and an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system being arranged downstream of the second exhaust-gas turbine comprises, in a warm-up mode, controlling at least one exhaust-gas turbine so as to increase an inlet temperature of an exhaust-gas flow at the inlet into the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system. In this way, the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system may be rapidly heated.

Embodiments for controlling exhaust gas turbines are provided. In one embodiment, a method for controlling a turbocharger arrangement of an internal combustion engine, the turbocharger arrangement having at least a first exhaust-gas turbine and a second exhaust-gas turbine arranged downstream of the first, and an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system being arranged downstream of the second exhaust-gas turbine comprises, in a warm-up mode, controlling at least one exhaust-gas turbine so as to increase an inlet temperature of an exhaust-gas flow at the inlet into the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system. In this way, the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system may be rapidly heated.

A straddle-type vehicle comprises a supercharging device which compresses intake-air to be sent to a combustion chamber of an engine; a catalyst provided in an exhaust passage through which an exhaust gas emitted from the engine flows; and a control section which controls the engine, wherein the control section performs an increase suppressing control for suppressing an increase in an exhaust gas temperature, in a case where the control section estimates that the exhaust gas temperature has exceeded an increase suppressing temperature set to be equal to or lower than a catalyst permissible temperature.