A vehicle includes a powertrain and a controller. The powertrain has an engine and an electric machine that are each configured to generate power within the powertrain to propel the vehicle. The controller is programmed to, generate a powertrain power output profile required to propel the vehicle over a predetermined route based on navigation data. The controller is further programmed to, in response to the electric machine operating to propel the vehicle over the predetermined route while the engine is shutdown and an upcoming increase in the powertrain power output profile to a value that is greater than a threshold, initiate an engine start at a predetermined time period before the upcoming increase in the powertrain power output profile.

Methods and systems are provided for a turbocharger. In one example, a method includes adjusting one or more of a wastegate position and a position of vanes with operation of a turbocharger to reach a desired turbocharger speed via a controller. The method further includes adjusting engine operating parameters to reach the desired turbocharger speed.

Methods and systems are provided for a turbocharger. In one example, a method includes adjusting one or more of a wastegate position and a position of vanes with operation of a turbocharger to reach a desired turbocharger speed via a controller. The method further includes adjusting engine operating parameters to reach the desired turbocharger speed.

Methods and systems are provided for detecting cylinder-to-cylinder air-fuel ratio (AFR) imbalance in engine cylinders. In one example, a method may include detecting an AFR imbalance of an engine cylinder based on an individual crankshaft acceleration of the cylinder relative to a mean crankshaft acceleration produced by all cylinders of the engine, and correcting a fuel amount of the cylinder via a fuel multiplier value, the fuel multiplier value selected from a plurality of fuel multiplier values based on an imbalance source. In this way, the AFR imbalance may be accurately detected and correcting using existing engine system sensors.

Methods and systems are provided for detecting cylinder-to-cylinder air-fuel ratio (AFR) imbalance in engine cylinders. In one example, a method may include detecting an AFR imbalance of an engine cylinder based on an individual crankshaft acceleration of the cylinder relative to a mean crankshaft acceleration produced by all cylinders of the engine, and correcting a fuel amount of the cylinder via a fuel multiplier value, the fuel multiplier value selected from a plurality of fuel multiplier values based on an imbalance source. In this way, the AFR imbalance may be accurately detected and correcting using existing engine system sensors.

Flight control systems, flight control methods, and aircraft are provided. An aircraft including an electric propulsion engine, a combustion turbine engine, a flight controller for generating a first control signal indicative of a climb request, a second control signal indicative of a cruise request and a third control signal indicative of a descent request, and an aircraft propulsion controller operative to engage the electric propulsion engine and the combustion turbine engine in response to the first control signal and disengage the electric propulsion engine in response to the second control signal and wherein the electric propulsion engine may be engaged in a regenerative mode to charge a battery in response to the third control signal

Flight control systems, flight control methods, and aircraft are provided. An aircraft including an electric propulsion engine, a combustion turbine engine, a flight controller for generating a first control signal indicative of a climb request, a second control signal indicative of a cruise request and a third control signal indicative of a descent request, and an aircraft propulsion controller operative to engage the electric propulsion engine and the combustion turbine engine in response to the first control signal and disengage the electric propulsion engine in response to the second control signal and wherein the electric propulsion engine may be engaged in a regenerative mode to charge a battery in response to the third control signal

To control a hybrid dynamical system, a predictive feedback controller formulates a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem including nonlinear functions of continuous optimization variables representing the continuous elements of the operation of the hybrid dynamical system and/or one or multiple linear functions of integer optimization variables representing the discrete elements of the operation of the hybrid dynamical system. The MINLP problem is formulated into a separable format ensuring that the discrete elements of the operation are present only in the linear functions of the MINLP problem. The MINLP problem is solved over multiple iterations using a partial convexification of a portion of a space of the solution including a current solution guess. The partial convexification produces a convex approximation of the nonlinear functions of the MINLP without approximating the linear functions of the MINLP to produce a partially convexified MINLP.

To control a hybrid dynamical system, a predictive feedback controller formulates a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem including nonlinear functions of continuous optimization variables representing the continuous elements of the operation of the hybrid dynamical system and/or one or multiple linear functions of integer optimization variables representing the discrete elements of the operation of the hybrid dynamical system. The MINLP problem is formulated into a separable format ensuring that the discrete elements of the operation are present only in the linear functions of the MINLP problem. The MINLP problem is solved over multiple iterations using a partial convexification of a portion of a space of the solution including a current solution guess. The partial convexification produces a convex approximation of the nonlinear functions of the MINLP without approximating the linear functions of the MINLP to produce a partially convexified MINLP.

Disclosed is a method and a device for predicting the failure time of the pressure limiting valve of a high-pressure fuel pump of a motor vehicle. The method includes measuring a characteristic parameter of the pressure limiting valve each time the motor vehicle has been switched off, determining and storing a variable determined by using the measured characteristic parameter, determining the time profile of the variable determined from the characteristic parameter, predicting the future profile of the variable determined from the characteristic parameter, and comparing the predicted future profile of the variable determined from the characteristic parameter with a predetermined wear limiting value. The comparison is to predict the time at which the predicted future profile of the variable determined from the characteristic parameter reaches the predetermined wear limiting value.