Improved combustion monitoring in an internal combustion engine is provided by an optical port passing through a side wall of the combustion chamber where a front surface of the port may be cleaned by wiping action of piston rings passing across that surface. A thin film of oil distributed by the rings reduces the adhesion of fouling deposits.

Improved combustion monitoring in an internal combustion engine is provided by an optical port passing through a side wall of the combustion chamber where a front surface of the port may be cleaned by wiping action of piston rings passing across that surface. A thin film of oil distributed by the rings reduces the adhesion of fouling deposits.

In at least some implementations, a system includes a pump having an electric motor and a pump outlet, a controller coupled to the pump to vary the power provided to the motor to vary the flow rate of liquid discharged from the pump outlet, a pressure regulator having an inlet communicated with the pump outlet, a regulator outlet from which liquid is discharged from the regulator, a bypass outlet through which liquid is discharged from the regulator, and a pressure responsive valve that opens to permit liquid flow through the bypass outlet, and a flow sensor. The flow sensor is communicated with the bypass outlet to sense or determine a flow rate of liquid at or downstream of the bypass outlet, the flow sensor also communicated with the controller to provide an indication of the bypassed liquid flow rate to the controller.

A method and system for fuel nozzle cleaning during engine operation is provided. The steps or operations include operating the compressor section to provide the flow of oxidizer to the combustion chamber, operating the fuel system at a first fuel flow condition, in which the first fuel flow condition provides a fuel-oxidizer ratio at the combustion chamber, operating the fuel system at a second fuel flow condition, in which the second fuel flow condition provides the fuel-oxidizer ratio at the combustion chamber equal at the first fuel flow condition and the second fuel flow condition, and operating the fuel system at a third fuel flow condition after operating the fuel system at the second fuel flow condition.

A transport refrigeration system (200) including: a first engine (26) configured to power a refrigeration unit (22); a first fuel tank (330) fluidly connected to the first engine (26) through a first fuel line (332); a first shut off valve (450) located within the first fuel line (332) proximate the first fuel tank (330); a second shut off valve (72) located within the first fuel line (332) proximate the first engine (26); a sensor system (80) configured to detect at least one of a crash of the transport refrigeration system (200), a crash of the first fuel tank (330), a fuel leak in the first fuel line (332), and an engine stall in the first engine (26); and a controller (30) configured to close the first shutoff valve (450) and second shutoff valve (72) when at least one of a crash of the transport refrigeration system (200), a crash of the first fuel tank (330), a fuel leak in the first fuel line (332), and an engine stall in first engine (26) is detected.

A valve system of a fuel system for a vehicle may close a jet pump-side flow path when a pressure of fuel supplied from a fuel pump to an engine is lower than a prescribed fuel pressure at engine start-up, and open the jet pump-side flow path when the pressure of fuel is equal to or higher than the prescribed fuel pressure at the engine start-up, thereby improving cold startability of an engine, and may also allow the jet pump-side flow path to be kept in an opened state between a low load region and a high load region of the engine after the engine start-up, thereby smoothly keeping a function of the jet pump after the engine start-up.

A method for detecting reverse flow for a dual fuel engine is disclosed. The engine may include an intake manifold, a liquid fuel supply line and a gaseous fuel supply line, the gaseous fuel supply line including a gaseous fuel supply and a gaseous fuel rail. The method may include: operating the dual fuel engine in a liquid fuel only mode via the liquid fuel supply line; determining a reverse flow in the gaseous fuel supply line; and outputting an indication of reverse flow in response to the determination of reverse flow.

A transport refrigeration system having: a refrigerated cargo space (119); a refrigeration unit (22) in operative association with the refrigerated cargo space, the refrigeration unit providing conditioned air to the refrigerated cargo space; a first engine (150) configured to power the vehicle; a second engine (26) configured to power the refrigeration unit; a first plurality of fuel tanks (350) fluidly connected to first engine, the first plurality of fuel tanks configured to supply fuel to the first engine; a second plurality of fuel tanks (330) fluidly connected to second engine, the second plurality of fuel tanks configured to supply fuel to the second engine; and a single filling point (310) fluidly connected to the first plurality of fuel tanks and second plurality of fuel tanks. The single filling point (310) is configured to receive fuel.

Methods and systems are provided for detecting cylinder-to-cylinder air-fuel ratio (AFR) imbalance in engine cylinders. In one example, a method may include detecting an AFR imbalance of an engine cylinder based on an individual crankshaft acceleration of the cylinder relative to a mean crankshaft acceleration produced by all cylinders of the engine, and correcting a fuel amount of the cylinder via a fuel multiplier value, the fuel multiplier value selected from a plurality of fuel multiplier values based on an imbalance source. In this way, the AFR imbalance may be accurately detected and correcting using existing engine system sensors.

A controller according to the present disclosure, in each combustion cycle that composes a change cycle, calculates the average .sub.n of control amounts from the first combustion cycle to the nth (1<=n<=N) combustion cycle and calculates the error .sub.n-.sub.o of the average .sub.n with respect to the average .sub.o of a reference normal population. Also, the controller sets both a positive threshold Z.sub./2*.sub.o/n.sup.1/2 and a negative threshold Z.sub./2*.sub.o/n.sup.1/2 based on the standard error .sub.o/n.sup.1/2 of the reference normal population in the case where the number of data is n. Then, the controller chooses an operation amount to be changed from a plurality of operation amounts, based on a comparison between a series of the errors .sub.n-.sub.o and a series of the positive thresholds Z.sub./2*.sub.o/n.sup.1/2 and a comparison between the series of the errors .sub.n-.sub.o and a series of the negative thresholds Z.sub./2*.sub.o/n.sup.1/2.