An actuator comprising a flexible substrate having a surface comprising one or more active regions, each of the active regions having disposed thereon an electrochemically active film comprising a plurality of 1T phase 2D MoS2 nanosheets which impart a first force upon the flexible substrate in response to electrochemical charging of ions in the 2D MoS2 nanosheets and impart a second force upon the flexible substrate in response to electrochemical discharging of ions in the 2D MoS2 nanosheets, wherein the first and second forces imparted to the flexible substrate each being sufficient to displace the flexible substrate. The flexible substrate may comprise a polymer substrate and the electrochemically active film may comprise a conductive layer having disposed thereon the plurality of 1T phase 2D MoS2 nanosheets.

There are provided stretchable solid-state electroactive polymer actuators (SSEPA) using electroactive polymers that convert between electrical energy and mechanical energy and having solid-state polymer electrolytes. More particularly, there are provided electroactive polymer (EAP) compositions comprising: 15-60 wt. % of a film-forming polymer; 5-40 wt. % of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and 10-40 wt. % of a plasticizer, solid-state polymer electrolyte (SPE) compositions comprising: 20-60 wt. % of a plasticizer, 10-60 wt. % of a film-forming polymer and 5-25 wt. % of an ionizable salt. The use of these EAP and SPE compositions in electromechanical devices, such as solid-state actuators, generators, sensors, and other energy transducers in various applications are also disclosed.

An integrated energy system includes a nuclear thermal plant situated on a nuclear site. The nuclear thermal plant produces thermal energy that is transported to a thermal energy storage system located outside the nuclear site. The thermal storage system is thermally coupled to a power generation system which is also remote to the nuclear site. By this arrangement, the nuclear thermal plant is isolated and decoupled from the power generation system. The nuclear thermal plant may supply thermal energy upwards of 800° C. or more to be stored at the thermal energy storage system until needed such as for industrial heat, power generation, or other uses. The thermal storage system is source agnostic, and one or more additional thermal energy generators, such as additional nuclear reactors, solar thermal plants, or other thermal energy generators can be coupled to a common thermal storage system and power generation system.

An integrated energy system includes a nuclear thermal plant situated on a nuclear site. The nuclear thermal plant produces thermal energy that is transported to a thermal energy storage system located outside the nuclear site. The thermal storage system is thermally coupled to a power generation system which is also remote to the nuclear site. By this arrangement, the nuclear thermal plant is isolated and decoupled from the power generation system. The nuclear thermal plant may supply thermal energy upwards of 800° C. or more to be stored at the thermal energy storage system until needed such as for industrial heat, power generation, or other uses. The thermal storage system is source agnostic, and one or more additional thermal energy generators, such as additional nuclear reactors, solar thermal plants, or other thermal energy generators can be coupled to a common thermal storage system and power generation system.

A system and method in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through an intake chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. In at least one embodiment, the waveform patterns include a plurality of hyperbolic waveforms axially aligned around a horizontal center of the system.

A system and method in at least one embodiment for separating fluids including liquids and gases into subcomponents by passing the fluid through an intake chamber into an expansion chamber and then through at least a portion of a waveform pattern present between at least two rotors and/or disks. In at least one embodiment, the waveform patterns include a plurality of hyperbolic waveforms axially aligned around a horizontal center of the system.

This disclosure includes various embodiments of apparatuses for encapsulating and stopping a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) to extract the kinetic energy from the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of systems comprising a plurality of the present apparatuses coupled together and/or one or more of the present apparatuses in combination with one or more flow resistance modifiers (FRMs). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of methods of extracting kinetic energy from a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) by stopping the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes embodiments of mechanical energy-storage or accumulation devices.

This disclosure includes various embodiments of apparatuses for encapsulating and stopping a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) to extract the kinetic energy from the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of systems comprising a plurality of the present apparatuses coupled together and/or one or more of the present apparatuses in combination with one or more flow resistance modifiers (FRMs). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of methods of extracting kinetic energy from a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) by stopping the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes embodiments of mechanical energy-storage or accumulation devices.

The present invention relates to a device for producing electrical energy, including two vessels A and B intended for each receiving a concentrated electrolyte solution C.sub.A and C.sub.B in the same solute and each including an electrode arranged so as to come into contact with the electrolyte solution, a membrane separating the two vessels, said membrane including at least one nanochannel arranged to allow the diffusion of the electrolytes from one vessel to the other through said one or more nanochannels, and a device making it possible to supply the electrical energy spontaneously generated by the differential in potential that exists between the two electrodes, characterised in that at least one portion of the inner surface of the one or more nanochannels is essentially made up of at least one titanium oxide. The present invention likewise relates to a method for producing electrical energy using said device.

Provided is an electric power generating system which exhibits favorable energy recovery efficiency compared to the prior art and, further, can generate not only cold heat but also warm heat. In an electric power generating system where working fluid is circulated in a system of a pressure resistant closed circuit while changing a state of the working fluid, power is generated by converting external heat energy given to the working fluid into kinetic energy, and electric power is generated by driving an electric power generator by the power, a pressure resistant closed circuit is formed of a main circuit and a sub circuit, the main circuit includes an evaporation chamber, an adiabatic expansion chamber, a power generating part, a warming-use heat exchange mechanism, and a liquefied working fluid return means, and the sub circuit includes a heating medium divided flow path, a liquefied auxiliary fluid supply path, a cooling equipment, a second-fluid-to-be-warmed supply path, a warming equipment, and a return flow compression means.