A reconfigurable power processing unit for a spacecraft including a plurality of power modules. Each of the power modules includes a first power source and a second power source. The first power source and the second power source are configured to be in series in a first state and in parallel in a second state. A plurality of contactors connect each power module to at least one of another power module in the plurality of power modules and a power processing output and are configured to control the state of the power modules.

One or more electrospray emitters form an electrospray thruster, suitable for generating thrust for maneuvering and/or moving a structure to which the thruster is attached in three-dimensional space. The thruster includes a reservoir containing a fluid, preferably an ionic liquid (IL) fluid. Each electrospray emitter includes a dielectric, with channel(s) formed through a thickness thereof, and an extraction electrode, preferably an extraction grid, on an opposite side of the dielectric from the reservoir. Upon application of a sufficient electric potential differential between the extraction electrode and the fluid, the fluid flows through the channels from the reservoir, forms a Taylor cone at an outlet of each channel, and is ejected in the direction of the extraction grid to generate a thrust by the thruster for movement and/or maneuvering of the structure to which the thruster is attached.

A plasma propulsion system with no internal electrodes is described. Gas is flowed into an insulated axisymmetric plasma liner. A radio frequency antenna generates an inductive or helicon plasma discharge within the liner. The plasma is accelerated through a converging/diverging magnetic field out of the liner, generating thrust.

The present invention relates to an ion thruster for propulsion of spacecrafts, including: a reservoir for a propellant, an emitter for emitting ions of the propellant, the emitter having one or more projections of porous material and a base with a first side supporting said projections and a second side connected to the reservoir, and an extractor facing the emitter for extracting and accelerating the ions from the emitter, wherein the base is impermeable to the propellant at least on said first side and has pores or channels for providing flow of propellant from the reservoir to said projections.

A method and apparatus uses a VLF transmitter, a VLF receiver, and/or a low earth orbit satellite including a rocket engine. A VLF wave transmitted into space is converted to an ambient wave. The ambient wave acts as a signal wave for a whistler traveling wave parametric amplifier. Rocket exhaust is generated in atmospheric plasma. The rocket exhaust includes kinetic energy acting as a Lower Hybrid wave source. The Lower Hybrid wave source produces a Lower Hybrid wave, which acts as a pump wave for the parametric amplifier. Nonlinear mixing of the signal wave and the pump wave in the atmospheric plasma simultaneously parametrically amplifies the ambient wave and generates an idler wave and a parametrically amplified wave. The parametrically amplified wave (1) reduces the density of energetic protons or killer electrons in the Van Allen radiation belt, and (2) improves communications between the VLF transmitter and VLF receiver.

The present invention relates to electrospray thrusters, processes of making electrospray thrusters, and methods of using such electrospray thrusters. Applicant's thruster incorporates a unique geometry for the emitters and extractor grid that effectively eliminates ion interception on the grid, which is the primary failure mechanism of current devices, yet maintains the electric field conditions necessary for ion emission to occur. Without grid impingement, the thrust produced by the thruster is increased and thruster operational lifetime is increased substantially. Additionally, this non-traditional geometry also allows for higher electric fields at the emitter tip for a given applied voltage, thus enabling lower operational voltage of the thruster as compared to conventional designs.

Propulsion systems, such as electrospray thrusters, may include an electrically actuated valve to permit a selective flow of propellant to a thruster. The valve may be located and arranged such that it physically separates a propellant, such as a source of ions, from a thruster of the propulsion system. In some embodiments, the application of a voltage potential to the valve may wet a plurality of through holes formed in the valve with the propellant such that the propellant flows through the valve to the thruster. After the valve has been opened, the propulsion system may be operated normally.

A Hall effect thruster is provided having one or more components fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. Additive manufacturing can be used to fabricate the propellant distributor and the discharge channel of the thruster. The propellant distributor can be separated from the anode of the thruster and can form the base of the discharge channel. The discharge channel can be detachably connected to the propellant distributor using one of a threaded connection or a snap-fit connection. The discharge channel can have an annular shape and electromagnets and magnetic poles can be placed in the surrounding areas of the discharge channel.

An electrodeless plasma thruster with close ring-shaped gas discharge chamber (1,10) can include a gas discharge chamber (1,10) close ring shaped in fluid communication with a propellant storage system (10,70). An antenna (3,30) can be positioned on the exterior of the gas discharge tube (1,10). A guide tube (2,20) can be coupled with the gas discharge chamber (1,10) at a first end and have a second open end. A magnetic system (7,50) can be positioned on the second end of the guide tube (2,20). The magnetic system (7,50) can be electrically coupled with a power supply. The power supply can be electrically coupled with a power converter (11,80) and a control module (12,90).

An electrodeless plasma thruster with close ring-shaped gas discharge chamber (1,10) can include a gas discharge chamber (1,10) close ring shaped in fluid communication with a propellant storage system (10,70). An antenna (3,30) can be positioned on the exterior of the gas discharge tube (1,10). A guide tube (2,20) can be coupled with the gas discharge chamber (1,10) at a first end and have a second open end. A magnetic system (7,50) can be positioned on the second end of the guide tube (2,20). The magnetic system (7,50) can be electrically coupled with a power supply. The power supply can be electrically coupled with a power converter (11,80) and a control module (12,90).