A valve spool may include a cylindrical spool body having a spool longitudinal axis, a first spool body end wall and a second spool body end wall disposed axially opposite the first spool body end wall, and a spool outer surface. The spool outer surface may include a first spool guide region proximate the first spool body end wall and having a spool guide region outer diameter, a second spool guide region proximate the second spool body end wall and having the spool guide region outer diameter, and a spool tight clearance region disposed between the first spool guide region and the second spool guide region. The spool tight clearance region may have a spool tight clearance region outer diameter that is greater than the spool guide region outer diameter.

In a hydraulic drive system, hydraulic oil discharged from an actuator pump is supplied to an actuator via an actuator drive circuit. In the hydraulic drive system, the hydraulic oil discharged from a fan pump is supplied to a cooling fan motor via a fan drive circuit, and the cooling fan motor rotates a cooling fan at a rotational speed corresponding to the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the cooling fan motor. A merge circuit connects the actuator drive circuit and the fan drive circuit to each other to cause the hydraulic oil flowing through the actuator drive circuit to merge into the hydraulic oil flowing through the fan drive circuit. When the merge condition is satisfied, the controller controls the merge circuit to connect the actuator drive circuit and the fan drive circuit to each other.

In a hydraulic drive system, hydraulic oil discharged from an actuator pump is supplied to an actuator via an actuator drive circuit. In the hydraulic drive system, the hydraulic oil discharged from a fan pump is supplied to a cooling fan motor via a fan drive circuit, and the cooling fan motor rotates a cooling fan at a rotational speed corresponding to the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the cooling fan motor. A merge circuit connects the actuator drive circuit and the fan drive circuit to each other to cause the hydraulic oil flowing through the actuator drive circuit to merge into the hydraulic oil flowing through the fan drive circuit. When the merge condition is satisfied, the controller controls the merge circuit to connect the actuator drive circuit and the fan drive circuit to each other.

An emergency shut-off valve and means for initiating a test on said emergency shut-off valve includes a source of pressurized gas, a main solenoid responsive to a signal from said means for initiating a test and a source of pressurized gas are included. Further, means including a main solenoid responsive to a signal from said means for initiating a test and a main solenoid valve and a quick exhaust valve connected to the source of pressurized gas. Further, a pneumatic actuator for opening and closing the shut-off valve and test means for testing the emergency shut-off valve without fully closing the emergency shut-off valve in response to a signal from the means for initiating a test. The test means includes a second solenoid.

An emergency shut-off valve and means for initiating a test on said emergency shut-off valve includes a source of pressurized gas, a main solenoid responsive to a signal from said means for initiating a test and a source of pressurized gas are included. Further, means including a main solenoid responsive to a signal from said means for initiating a test and a main solenoid valve and a quick exhaust valve connected to the source of pressurized gas. Further, a pneumatic actuator for opening and closing the shut-off valve and test means for testing the emergency shut-off valve without fully closing the emergency shut-off valve in response to a signal from the means for initiating a test. The test means includes a second solenoid.

A flow control device that includes an orifice placed in an opening of a duct. A flexible sheet of material is wrapped around a first duct section to include an extended section which is crimped inwardly around the face of the orifice. A sleeve with tightening straps can be wrapped around the aligned first and second duct sections, with the sections having the orifice positioned between. A bead on the duct sections can assist in orifice positioning, attachment, and sealing. The orifice can also be attached to the duct section using tabs and a retention ring. A duct sleeve is also provided for placement in the opening of a duct. The duct sleeve includes a reception slot that receives an orifice plate that is attached in a secure and sealable manner.

A gas and liquid-tight inlet connector to the inner chamber of a mufti-chamber pressure vessel is provided, comprising: a male gland extending through an orifice in the bottom of the flexible wall of the inner chamber and the lower wall of the rigid outer shell of the vessel, the male gland comprising an upper flange permanently, sealingly connected, with the lower surface of the flexible inner wall, so as to form a gas- and liquid-tight seal therewith, and a lower elongated member extending through the outer shell to be sealingly connected with a liquid inlet pipe, permitting liquid flow into the inner chamber, while maintaining the seal between the inner and outer chambers of the tank, thus maintaining pressurization in the outer chamber, as fluid enters the inner chamber, pushing the flexible wall upwardly into the outer chamber.

Provided is a carbon fuel pneumatic dryer in which synthesis gas generated in a reactor is fed and cooled, including: a feeding part formed as a narrow pipe, via which synthesis gas and carbon fuel are fed; a drying part formed as a pipe having a larger diameter than the feeding part, in which the hot synthesis gas fed via the feeding part is cooled and the moisture content of the carbon fuel is lowered; and a conveying part formed as a pipe having a smaller diameter than the drying part such that the flow velocity of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel having passed the drying part is increased, wherein the conveying part includes a bend so that the flow direction of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel is changed.

Provided is a carbon fuel pneumatic dryer in which synthesis gas generated in a reactor is fed and cooled, including: a feeding part formed as a narrow pipe, via which synthesis gas and carbon fuel are fed; a drying part formed as a pipe having a larger diameter than the feeding part, in which the hot synthesis gas fed via the feeding part is cooled and the moisture content of the carbon fuel is lowered; and a conveying part formed as a pipe having a smaller diameter than the drying part such that the flow velocity of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel having passed the drying part is increased, wherein the conveying part includes a bend so that the flow direction of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel is changed.

A valve calibration system and method is disclosed for an electrohydraulic valve having upstream and downstream sides. A valve current controls the valve orifice size connecting the upstream and downstream sides. The calibration method includes opening the valve, stalling the system to prevent volume changes, and closing the valve with substantially equalized upstream and downstream pressures; then increasing upstream pressure, and finding a calibration current that provides a calibration orifice size through the valve by monitoring downstream pressure. Finding a calibration current can include stepping through valve control currents, sensing downstream pressures, and calculating step orifice sizes until the calculated step orifice size is greater than or equal to the calibration orifice size. Finding a calibration current can include performing a coarse calibration followed by a finer calibration. An offset can be calculated for a valve characteristic relating valve control current to valve orifice size.