A resistor includes an elongated cylindrical body having nodes and elongated members. The elongated members interconnect the nodes to form openings between the nodes and the elongated members for the flow therethrough of a cooling fluid. The body is configured to receive electric current from a powered system and to conduct and provide electric resistance to the electric current to dissipate at least part of the electric current as heat from the body. The body may be coupled with at least one other resistor of the powered system in one or more of a parallel or series arrangement in an electric circuit.

A braking control device includes a first adjustment unit, a master unit, a regenerative coordination unit, a first opening/closing valve, a second opening/closing valve, a reaction force hydraulic pressure sensor, an input hydraulic pressure sensor, a controller. The master unit includes a master cylinder and a master piston, a master chamber, a servo chamber, and a reaction force chamber. The regenerative coordination unit includes an input piston. The first opening/closing valve provided in a first fluid passage. The second opening/closing valve provided in a second fluid passage. The reaction force hydraulic pressure sensor detects a pressure in the reaction force chamber. The input hydraulic pressure sensor detects a pressure in the input cylinder. The controller determines, based on the reaction force hydraulic pressure and the input hydraulic pressure, suitability of at least one of the master unit, the regenerative coordination unit, the first opening/closing valve, and the second opening/closing valve.

An apparatus comprising an interface, a memory and a processor. The interface may be configured to receive sensor data samples during operation of a vehicle. The memory may be configured to store the sensor data samples over a number of points in time. The processor may be configured to analyze the sensor data samples stored in the memory to detect a pattern. The processor may be configured to manage an application of brakes of the vehicle in response to the pattern.

A braking assembly for inhibiting rotation of a wheel around a rotation axis is provided. The braking assembly includes a drive gear, an actuator, an electric braking assembly, a mechanical braking assembly including a brake pad, and a brake rotor fixedly coupled to the wheel. The drive gear rotates with the wheel and includes a pinion. The electric braking assembly includes a coil surrounding the rotation axis, and a magnetic disc assembly concentric with the coil and configured to rotate relative to the coil. The magnetic disc assembly includes a plurality of magnets at a perimeter of the disc. The actuator engages the pinion to inhibit rotation of the magnets and generate an electro motive force to inhibit rotation of the wheel. The actuator engages the brake pad to contact the rotor and inhibit rotation between the wheel and the brake pad.

A braking assembly for inhibiting rotation of a wheel around a rotation axis is provided. The braking assembly includes a drive gear, an actuator, an electric braking assembly, a mechanical braking assembly including a brake pad, and a brake rotor fixedly coupled to the wheel. The drive gear rotates with the wheel and includes a pinion. The electric braking assembly includes a coil surrounding the rotation axis, and a magnetic disc assembly concentric with the coil and configured to rotate relative to the coil. The magnetic disc assembly includes a plurality of magnets at a perimeter of the disc. The actuator engages the pinion to inhibit rotation of the magnets and generate an electro motive force to inhibit rotation of the wheel. The actuator engages the brake pad to contact the rotor and inhibit rotation between the wheel and the brake pad.

An eddy current brake for a vehicle, the eddy current brake comprising a rotor, and an electromagnet arranged to receive current from an electromechanical energy generating means during braking of the vehicle and to induce an eddy current within the rotor.

A vehicle includes a regenerative generator on a front wheel. A braking control device includes an actuator that applies a front wheel torque and a rear wheel torque, and a controller that individually adjusts the front wheel torque and the rear wheel torque. The controller is configured to determine the front wheel torque and the rear wheel torque to zero when a regenerative braking force Fg generated by the regenerative generator has not reached a maximum regenerative force Fx which is a generatable maximum value. On the other hand, the controller is configured to increase the rear wheel torque from zero before increasing the front wheel torque from zero when the regenerative braking force Fg reaches the maximum regenerative force Fx.

A brake apparatus using an electric booster may include: an electric booster connected to a master cylinder and configured to pressure a push rod by pressurizing a reaction disk using an electromotive force of a motor with a pedal stepping force of a driver who steps on a brake pedal, and pressurize a piston of the master cylinder through the push rod; and a control unit configured to compare required brake pressure by the pedal stepping force of the driver and current brake pressure by the motor control to set pressure, and perform cooperation control through an ESC (Electronic Stability Control) and cooperation control through the electric booster.

A method for controlling the longitudinal dynamics of a vehicle, where the vehicle has a friction brake system brakes, a drive system with an electromotive drive acting on at least one wheel, and a battery for supplying power to the electromotive drive determines state information which describes the state of the vehicle and/or the state of the brake system and/or of the drive system. Route information is determined which describes the route profile of the vehicle. An action plan for implementing a future braking request by the friction brakes and/or the electromotive drive on the basis of the state information and the route information is determined. The action plan specifies, for future times and/or areas on the route, whether a braking request of the vehicle is to be implemented by means of the friction brake and/or the drive system and implements a braking request accordingly.

The invention relates to a method of operating a vehicle (1) comprising at least a first vehicle retarding subsystem (3; 5; 13) controllable to retard the vehicle (1), and processing circuitry (15) coupled to the at least first vehicle retarding subsystem (3; 5; 13), the method comprising the steps of: acquiring (S10), by the processing circuitry (15) from the first vehicle retarding subsystem (3; 5; 13), at least one value indicative of current energy accumulation by the first vehicle retarding subsystem (3; 5; 13); and determining (S11), by the processing circuitry (15), a measure indicative of a retardation energy capacity currently available for retardation of the vehicle (1), based on: the acquired at least one value indicative of current energy accumulation by the first vehicle retarding subsystem (3; 5; 13); a predefined model of retardation energy accumulation by the first vehicle retarding subsystem (3; 5; 13); and a predefined limit indicative of a maximum allowed energy accumulation by the first vehicle retarding subsystem (3; 5; 13).