A method for estimating a braking force applicable between pad and brake disc by an electric parking-braking system of a vehicle is described. The method may include detecting, by one or more sensors of electric quantities of an electric motor, an electric current delivered to the electric motor and an instantaneous value of an electric voltage for electrically supplying the electric motor, during a parking-braking operation. The parking-braking operation may have a first non-contact stage between a first pair of pads of a first brake caliper and a first brake disc. The parking-braking operation may also have a second contact stage between the first pair of pads of the first brake caliper and the first brake disc.

A load applying device includes: a rotatable shaft member; a drive portion; a movable shaft member; a connecting member to connect the movable shaft member with an operation object O; a load sensor having a housing, a spring member, and a sensor element; and a rotation suppressing portion S1, wherein the other end portion of the movable shaft member has a pressing portion P to press the housing, the movable shaft member is configured to move in an axis X direction with driving of the drive portion and press the housing by the pressing portion P, the sensor element is configured to move with movement of the housing to detect load by the movable shaft member.

A load applying device includes: a rotatable shaft member; a drive portion; a movable shaft member; a connecting member to connect the movable shaft member with an operation object O; a load sensor having a housing, a spring member, and a sensor element; and a rotation suppressing portion S1, wherein the other end portion of the movable shaft member has a pressing portion P to press the housing, the movable shaft member is configured to move in an axis X direction with driving of the drive portion and press the housing by the pressing portion P, the sensor element is configured to move with movement of the housing to detect load by the movable shaft member.

An aircraft brake temperature control system (BTCS) 100 for controlling a temperature of a brake 220 of a landing gear 201 of the aircraft 200. The BTCS 100 includes a controller 110 configured to cause a thermal management system 2000 to regulate the temperature of the brake 220, on the basis of a selection of an objective for regulating the temperature of brake from a plurality of objectives 121, 122 for regulating the temperature of the brake. An aircraft 200 includes the BTCS; and a method 300 controls a temperature of a brake of a landing gear of an aircraft.

An aircraft brake temperature control system (BTCS) 100 for controlling a temperature of a brake 220 of a landing gear 201 of the aircraft 200. The BTCS 100 includes a controller 110 configured to cause at least one fluid moving device 230, 231, 232 to drive a flow of fluid onto the brake 220, selectively in one of a plurality of modes, to control the temperature of the brake 220. The BTCS 100 may be incorporated into an aircraft system 1000 with at least one fluid moving device 230, 231, 232, wherein the aircraft system is on an aircraft 200.

Methods and systems for a differential assembly are provided herein. In one example, a diagnostic method includes generating a clutch fault according to a variance between an initial engagement position and a lock point position of a clutch motor that occur during engagement of an interaxle differential (IAD) locking clutch coupled to the clutch motor. In the IAD system, an actuation assembly is coupled to the clutch motor and the IAD locking clutch.

Methods and systems for a differential assembly are provided herein. In one example, a diagnostic method includes generating a clutch fault according to a variance between an initial engagement position and a lock point position of a clutch motor that occur during engagement of an interaxle differential (IAD) locking clutch coupled to the clutch motor. In the IAD system, an actuation assembly is coupled to the clutch motor and the IAD locking clutch.

A quick-detachable brake fluid test structure comprising a body and a front assembly body, the body has at least one front assembly hole and at least one front fixing member, and is provided with at least one connecting plate and a fixing seat inside, a conductive wire is assembled on the connecting plate, and at least one temperature sensor is disposed on the fixing seat. The front assembly body is disposed at a position of a front end of the body, a side of the front assembly body is formed with at least one fixing hole communicating with the front assembly hole and provided for the front fixing member to be assembled and fixed. The front assembly body is provided with a front sleeve, and accommodated with a heating element and a heat conductive pipe respectively connected to the connecting plate and the temperature sensor.

A method for performing a data validity assessment for a brake pad wear estimation includes providing an electric park brake assembly including a motor and a battery management sensor, receiving motor current data from the motor of the electric park brake assembly, receiving battery current data from the battery management sensor, determining a margin of current from the motor current data and the battery current data, receiving historical motor position data and instant motor position data of the motor, calculating the brake pad wear estimation using the motor current data, comparing the historical motor position data and the instant motor position data against an expected range of motor positions, determining an electromagnetic interference level from the margin of current, the historical and instant motor position data, and the calculated brake pad wear estimation, and discarding the motor current data when the electromagnetic interference level is above a predetermined threshold.

A brake temperature estimation apparatus for estimating the temperature of a vehicle brake is disclosed. The apparatus includes a memory which stores thermal behavior information relating the temperature of a brake of a braked wheel of the vehicle to the temperature of tire gas in the tire of the braked wheel, and a controller which is configured to: receive a first tire gas temperature value relating to the temperature of tire gas in the tire of the braked wheel at a given time; receive a second tire gas temperature value relating to the temperature of tire gas in a tire of a non-braked wheel of the vehicle at the given time; calculate a difference between the first tire gas temperature value and the second tire gas temperature value; and estimate a temperature of the brake of the braked wheel based on the calculated difference and the thermal behavior information.