A shock wave attenuating material (100) includes a substrate layer (104). A plurality (110) of shock attenuating layers is disposed on the substrate layer (104). Each of the plurality (110) of shock attenuating layers includes a gradient nanoparticle layer (114) including a plurality of nanoparticles (120) of different diameters that are arranged in a gradient from smallest diameter to largest diameter and a graphitic layer (118) disposed adjacent to the gradient nanoparticle layer. The graphitic layer (118) includes a plurality of carbon allotrope members (128) suspended in a matrix (124).

A shock wave attenuating material (100) includes a substrate layer (104). A plurality (110) of shock attenuating layers is disposed on the substrate layer (104). Each of the plurality (110) of shock attenuating layers includes a gradient nanoparticle layer (114) including a plurality of nanoparticles (120) of different diameters that are arranged in a gradient from smallest diameter to largest diameter and a graphitic layer (118) disposed adjacent to the gradient nanoparticle layer. The graphitic layer (118) includes a plurality of carbon allotrope members (128) suspended in a matrix (124).

Devices with internal flexibility sipes, such as slits, provide improved flexibility, improved cushioning to absorb shock and/or shear forces, and improved stability of support. Siped devices can be used in any existing product that provides or utilizes cushioning and stability. These products include human and other footwear, both soles and uppers, as well as orthotics; athletic, occupational and medical equipment and apparel; padding or cushioning, such as for equipment or tool handles, as well as furniture; balls; tires; and any other structural or support elements in a mechanical, architectural, or any other product.

Devices with internal flexibility sipes, such as slits, provide improved flexibility, improved cushioning to absorb shock and/or shear forces, and improved stability of support. Siped devices can be used in any existing product that provides or utilizes cushioning and stability. These products include human and other footwear, both soles and uppers, as well as orthotics; athletic, occupational and medical equipment and apparel; padding or cushioning, such as for equipment or tool handles, as well as furniture; balls; tires; and any other structural or support elements in a mechanical, architectural, or any other product.

A crash box may include one or more layers arranged to absorb crash energy. In some embodiments, the crash box includes a first layer having an outer skin defining a periphery of the first layer and at least one of: 1) a rib and web structure, and 2) an array of tubes disposed within the outer skin for absorbing crash energy, and a second layer adjacent to the first layer, the second layer having an outer skin defining a periphery of the second layer and at least one of: 1) a rib and web structure, and 2) an array of tubes disposed within the outer skin for absorbing crash energy.

A shock absorbing member of the present disclosure is a shock absorbing member including a first hollow member (11) and a second hollow member (12) that are made of aluminum alloy and are weld joined to each other, in which a weld material and weld beads (W) do not project from a side on which a joined surface between the first hollow member (11) and the second hollow member (12) is located.

In a shock-absorbing member in which a wood member is embedded in a resin covering member so as to be integrated therewith and in which the wood member is collapsed when subjected to an impact load, thereby absorbing a portion of the impact load, sealing members are disposed between both end surfaces of the wood member in an axis direction of annual rings and an inner surface of the covering member, so as to hermetically cover both end surfaces of the wood member.

Disclosed is a polypropylene resin composition for an uncoated crash pad. The composition may include an amount of about 50 to 80 wt % of a polypropylene resin having a Polydispersity Index (PI) of about 4.5 to 6.5, a weight average molecular weight of about 200,000 to 350,000 g/mol, and an isotactic peptide fraction of about 96% or greater as measured by a C.sup.13-NMR method, an amount of about 1 to 30 wt % of rubber having a melt index of about 1 to 6 g/10 min (230° C., 2.16 Kg), an amount of about 11 to 30 wt % of an inorganic filler composed of a mixture of an amount of about 10 to 20 wt % of talc and an amount of about 1 to 10 wt % of whisker, and an amount of about 1 to 5 wt % of an anti-scratch agent, all the wt % are based on the total weight of the polypropylene resin composition.

Disclosed is a polypropylene resin composition for an uncoated crash pad. The composition may include an amount of about 50 to 80 wt % of a polypropylene resin having a Polydispersity Index (PI) of about 4.5 to 6.5, a weight average molecular weight of about 200,000 to 350,000 g/mol, and an isotactic peptide fraction of about 96% or greater as measured by a C.sup.13-NMR method, an amount of about 1 to 30 wt % of rubber having a melt index of about 1 to 6 g/10 min (230° C., 2.16 Kg), an amount of about 11 to 30 wt % of an inorganic filler composed of a mixture of an amount of about 10 to 20 wt % of talc and an amount of about 1 to 10 wt % of whisker, and an amount of about 1 to 5 wt % of an anti-scratch agent, all the wt % are based on the total weight of the polypropylene resin composition.

A brake assembly comprises a brake plate including a plurality of radially-extending brake tabs, and an extension member extending at least partially through the brake plate. The extension member is movable relative to the brake plate such that the extension member is configured to successively engage the brake tabs. The brake assembly enables one or more forces to be managed or controlled throughout a braking event, such as a fall arrest event.