A valve assembly includes a valve body defining a cylindrical passage therein about an axis. An inlet port is defined in or near a first end of the valve body. First and second outlet ports are defined in the valve body extending radially outward from the cylindrical passage. A cylindrical valve spool having a central passage is positioned within, and sealingly engaged with, the cylindrical passage. The valve spool is moveable along the axis among: a first position wherein the inlet port is in fluid communication with the first outlet port but not the second outlet port, a second position wherein the inlet port is in fluid communication with the second outlet port but not the first outlet port, and an intermediate position between the first and second positions wherein the inlet port is in fluid communication with both of the first and second outlet ports.

An engine includes a cylinder liner and a piston movable within the cylinder liner, a crevice formed between a top land of the piston and the cylinder liner, and an oil entry clearance formed between a top ring of the piston and the cylinder liner. The engine also includes an abnormal combustion inhibitor having an oil recapture surface exposed to the crevice and oriented to limit migration of oil from the crevice toward a combustion chamber in the engine. The abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a groove structure having as a substrate at least one of the cylinder liner or the piston. Related methodology is also disclosed.

The present disclosure provides a disk brake capable of making it easier for the piston to return than conventional ones when the brake is released from a state where the brake is applied. In the disk brake, the seal groove 5 includes a front wall 51, a rear wall 52 farther from the brake rotor than the front wall 51 in the axial direction Dl, and a bottom wall 53 extending along the axial direction Dl between the rear wall 52 and the front wall 51. The bottom wall 53 includes a front bottom wall 53a adjacent to the front wall 51 and a rear bottom wall 53b adjacent to the rear wall 52. The rear bottom wall 53b has a depth d2 from the inner circumferential surface 42a of the cylinder 42, the depth d2 being larger than a dimension d3 of the uncompressed piston seal 6 in the direction of the depth d2 and being larger than a depth d1 from the inner circumferential surface 42a of the cylinder 42 of the front bottom wall 53a.

The present disclosure provides a disk brake capable of making it easier for the piston to return than conventional ones when the brake is released from a state where the brake is applied. In the disk brake, the seal groove 5 includes a front wall 51, a rear wall 52 farther from the brake rotor than the front wall 51 in the axial direction Dl, and a bottom wall 53 extending along the axial direction Dl between the rear wall 52 and the front wall 51. The bottom wall 53 includes a front bottom wall 53a adjacent to the front wall 51 and a rear bottom wall 53b adjacent to the rear wall 52. The rear bottom wall 53b has a depth d2 from the inner circumferential surface 42a of the cylinder 42, the depth d2 being larger than a dimension d3 of the uncompressed piston seal 6 in the direction of the depth d2 and being larger than a depth d1 from the inner circumferential surface 42a of the cylinder 42 of the front bottom wall 53a.

This invention is a fuel engine piston with an installed bearing and belongs to the field of automotive engine components, specifically relating to a piston for a fuel engine. It includes a piston body, outer arc bearings, pin shaft bolts and sealing rings. It provides a piston for a fuel engine with bearings. The bearings on the piston enable rolling friction during piston operation, replacing sliding friction. This reduces the friction between the piston and the engine cylinder liner, decreases the energy consumption required to overcome friction, and reduces wear on the piston caused by sliding friction.

This invention is a fuel engine piston with an installed bearing and belongs to the field of automotive engine components, specifically relating to a piston for a fuel engine. It includes a piston body, outer arc bearings, pin shaft bolts and sealing rings. It provides a piston for a fuel engine with bearings. The bearings on the piston enable rolling friction during piston operation, replacing sliding friction. This reduces the friction between the piston and the engine cylinder liner, decreases the energy consumption required to overcome friction, and reduces wear on the piston caused by sliding friction.

A method to manufacture an automobile vehicle engine aluminum piston, comprises: printing an aluminum piston crown portion including an additive manufacturing (AM) piston crown work piece using initial aluminum powders defining an initial aluminum powder bed; removing the aluminum piston crown portion from the initial aluminum powder bed; fixedly joining a cast iron ring carrier to the AM piston crown work piece; placing the aluminum piston crown portion together with the cast iron ring carrier into a secondary and a tertiary aluminum powder bed; and printing a piston skirt integrally connected to the AM piston crown work piece and to the cast iron ring carrier.

A method to manufacture an automobile vehicle engine aluminum piston, comprises: printing an aluminum piston crown portion including an additive manufacturing (AM) piston crown work piece using initial aluminum powders defining an initial aluminum powder bed; removing the aluminum piston crown portion from the initial aluminum powder bed; fixedly joining a cast iron ring carrier to the AM piston crown work piece; placing the aluminum piston crown portion together with the cast iron ring carrier into a secondary and a tertiary aluminum powder bed; and printing a piston skirt integrally connected to the AM piston crown work piece and to the cast iron ring carrier.

A method to manufacture an automobile vehicle engine aluminum piston, comprises: printing an aluminum piston crown portion including an additive manufacturing (AM) piston crown work piece using initial aluminum powders defining an initial aluminum powder bed; removing the aluminum piston crown portion from the initial aluminum powder bed; fixedly joining a cast iron ring carrier to the AM piston crown work piece; placing the aluminum piston crown portion together with the cast iron ring carrier into a secondary and a tertiary aluminum powder bed; and printing a piston skirt integrally connected to the AM piston crown work piece and to the cast iron ring carrier.

A method to manufacture an automobile vehicle engine aluminum piston, comprises: printing an aluminum piston crown portion including an additive manufacturing (AM) piston crown work piece using initial aluminum powders defining an initial aluminum powder bed; removing the aluminum piston crown portion from the initial aluminum powder bed; fixedly joining a cast iron ring carrier to the AM piston crown work piece; placing the aluminum piston crown portion together with the cast iron ring carrier into a secondary and a tertiary aluminum powder bed; and printing a piston skirt integrally connected to the AM piston crown work piece and to the cast iron ring carrier.