A thermal management system for a hybrid vehicle includes an expander, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a water tank, a pump, a heat exchanger for a battery pack, a heat exchanger for a motor, a water cooling jacket for an engine, an exhaust gas heat exchanger for an engine, a valve, and so on. According to the present disclosure, in thermal management loops, different operating modes of the system can be switched by controlling the open-close and opening of the valve. In this way, a series/parallel connection of thermal management branches of an electrical system and an engine system is fulfilled to meet the requirements for heat dissipation and preheating, and flux in each branch is regulated to fulfill thermal management according to different driving conditions of a hybrid vehicle.

A thermal management system for a hybrid vehicle includes an expander, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a water tank, a pump, a heat exchanger for a battery pack, a heat exchanger for a motor, a water cooling jacket for an engine, an exhaust gas heat exchanger for an engine, a valve, and so on. According to the present disclosure, in thermal management loops, different operating modes of the system can be switched by controlling the open-close and opening of the valve. In this way, a series/parallel connection of thermal management branches of an electrical system and an engine system is fulfilled to meet the requirements for heat dissipation and preheating, and flux in each branch is regulated to fulfill thermal management according to different driving conditions of a hybrid vehicle.

A flow control valve includes a valve body having an inlet, an outlet, and a flow path connecting the inlet and the outlet. A trim assembly is disposed in the flow path and includes a valve seat and a cage. The cage includes a body and a central cavity defined by the body. A control member is movable in the central cavity of the cage between an open position, in which the control member is spaced away from the valve seat, and a closed position, in which the control member engages the valve seat. The body has a non-circular longitudinal cross-section.

Improved valve seal and integrity systems and methods are disclosed. Pressure in an internal cavity of a valve may be monitored and stored to assist in determining whether one or more seals in the valve are leaking. Internal cavity temperature may also be recorded and monitored to assist in determining whether there are any valve seal leaks. Expected pressure corresponding to a detected internal cavity pressure (that may be determined by correlating temperature and known fluid properties) may be compared to detected internal cavity pressure to assist in determining the existence of valve leaks. Internal cavity pressures and pressure differentials over time may be used to determine remaining valve seal life, leak severity, and/or integrity of a check valve on the valve. Indications of seal life, leak severity, seal integrity, and/or check valve integrity may be displayed to an end user or otherwise provided to a database or computer.

Improved valve seal and integrity systems and methods are disclosed. Pressure in an internal cavity of a valve may be monitored and stored to assist in determining whether one or more seals in the valve are leaking. Internal cavity temperature may also be recorded and monitored to assist in determining whether there are any valve seal leaks. Expected pressure corresponding to a detected internal cavity pressure (that may be determined by correlating temperature and known fluid properties) may be compared to detected internal cavity pressure to assist in determining the existence of valve leaks. Internal cavity pressures and pressure differentials over time may be used to determine remaining valve seal life, leak severity, and/or integrity of a check valve on the valve. Indications of seal life, leak severity, seal integrity, and/or check valve integrity may be displayed to an end user or otherwise provided to a database or computer.

A store housing for an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle includes multiple housing walls which surround a receiving space for receiving at least one storage component of the electrical energy store, wherein at least one of the housing walls has a passage opening for discharge of a liquid which has accumulated in the receiving space into surroundings of the store housing, and at least one valve which is designed to conduct the liquid away from the receiving space into the surroundings via the passage opening and to at least reduce ingress of liquid from the surroundings into the receiving space via the passage opening. The at least one valve has a passive valve arranged in or at the passage opening. The valve has a first flow resistance in a first flow direction from the receiving space into the surroundings and has a second flow resistance in a second flow direction from the surroundings into the receiving space, which second flow resistance is larger in comparison with the first flow resistance.

The present invention is directed to an improved fluid diode using topology optimization with Finite Element Method (FEM). Topology optimization as a flexible optimization method has been extended to the fluid field. For given boundary conditions and constraints, it distributes a specific amount of pores (or remove materials to get channel) in the design domain to minimize/maximize an objective function. In this design, inlet and outlet ports are aligned and inflow and outflow are in the same direction. The present invention features an intricate network of fluid channels having optimized fluid connectivity and shapes, which significantly improves the diodicity of fluidic passive valves.

The present invention is directed to an improved fluid diode using topology optimization with Finite Element Method (FEM). Topology optimization as a flexible optimization method has been extended to the fluid field. For given boundary conditions and constraints, it distributes a specific amount of pores (or remove materials to get channel) in the design domain to minimize/maximize an objective function. In this design, inlet and outlet ports are aligned and inflow and outflow are in the same direction. The present invention features an intricate network of fluid channels having optimized fluid connectivity and shapes, which significantly improves the diodicity of fluidic passive valves.

The invention relates to an inertization apparatus for inerting a working volume in a chemical production plant by flushing with inert gas, where the chemical production plant comprises a plant-wide inert gas distribution system having pipes for distributing the inert gas and at least one inert gas offtake position which can be connected to a connecting conduit. According to the invention, it is provided that the connecting conduit between inertization apparatus and working volume is connected, at its end nearest the working volume, in a not reversibly detachable manner to an intermediate piece, where the intermediate piece can be connected in a reversibly detachable manner to a counterpiece provided on the working volume.

The invention relates to an inertization apparatus for inerting a working volume in a chemical production plant by flushing with inert gas, where the chemical production plant comprises a plant-wide inert gas distribution system having pipes for distributing the inert gas and at least one inert gas offtake position which can be connected to a connecting conduit. According to the invention, it is provided that the connecting conduit between inertization apparatus and working volume is connected, at its end nearest the working volume, in a not reversibly detachable manner to an intermediate piece, where the intermediate piece can be connected in a reversibly detachable manner to a counterpiece provided on the working volume.