A connector element for connecting a pump assembly for use in a selective catalytic reduction system to a reagent supply of reagent fluid, the connector element comprising: a reagent flow passage arranged to receive reagent fluid at a first end from the reagent supply and to supply the reagent fluid via a second end to a reagent inlet port for reagent fluid on the pump assembly; a coolant passage for cooling fluid, the coolant passage arranged to be in communication with a coolant port on the pump assembly.

A saturator includes: a flow path inside of which a first fluid flows; a first heat exchange unit that causes heat exchange between the first fluid and a second fluid; a second heat exchange unit that causes heat exchange between a third fluid and the first fluid after the first fluid has passed through the first heat exchange unit; a humidifying unit that adds water to the first fluid upstream from the first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit; and a conveyance path that conveys the third fluid after heat exchange from the second heat exchange unit to the upstream side of the first heat exchange unit and causes said third fluid to flow into the flow path as the first fluid.

A beverage dispensing assembly 10 comprises a beverage distribution python 18 extending between a beverage storage area and a beverage tapping area. The beverage distribution python 18 comprises a liquid carrying line defining a center line 22. The liquid carrying line comprises a beverage tube 16 and/or a beverage guide tube. The beverage distribution python 18 further comprises a pipe 34 covering the liquid carrying line in a coaxial relationship to the center line and establishing a space in-between the pipe 34 and the liquid carrying line. An insulation layer 32 comprises at least 80% aerogel by volume is located in the space between the pipe 34 and the liquid carrying line and encircles the liquid carrying line.

A beverage dispensing assembly 10 comprises a beverage distribution python 18 extending between a beverage storage area and a beverage tapping area. The beverage distribution python 18 comprises a liquid carrying line defining a center line 22. The liquid carrying line comprises a beverage tube 16 and/or a beverage guide tube. The beverage distribution python 18 further comprises a pipe 34 covering the liquid carrying line in a coaxial relationship to the center line and establishing a space in-between the pipe 34 and the liquid carrying line. An insulation layer 32 comprises at least 80% aerogel by volume is located in the space between the pipe 34 and the liquid carrying line and encircles the liquid carrying line.

A flexible pipe body and methods of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method may include providing a tubular length of polymeric material for forming a polymeric layer of flexible pipe body; providing a strength layer radially outwards of the polymeric layer; and treating the polymeric layer with a non-ambient temperature and pressure.

A heatable fluid line having a tube and a connector at an end of the tube, the fluid line including an inlet channel with a longitudinal axis, and a heating rod arranged in the interior of the tube and projecting laterally out of the connector through an outlet channel at a predetermined angle to the longitudinal axis. A seal is arranged between the heating rod and the connector in an accommodation space that includes a circumferential wall. An arrangement is provided that centers the heating rod and a seal in relation to one another to seal the heating rod. as it is guided laterally outwards.

Various embodiments of systems, devices, components, and methods are disclosed for heating a drinkable or other fluid, such as water and/or ice in a hydration system. Such embodiments include heating assemblies for hydration systems, hydration systems with heating elements, electronic control assemblies for hydration systems, and various methods of heating a drinkable or other fluid, gel or semi-solid.

A system for transferring and heating fluid is disclosed comprising a fluid transfer pipe having an internal surface and an external surface, and at least one helical heating rib connected to the internal surface of the fluid transfer pipe structured and arranged to generate non-laminar flow and to heat the fluid as it flows through the fluid transfer pipe. A method of heating fluid contained in a pipe is also disclosed. The method comprises providing at least one helical heating rib connected to an internal surface of a fluid transfer pipe, and passing the fluid through the fluid transfer pipe, whereby the at least one helical heating rib generates turbulent flow of the fluid to thereby heat the fluid. The helical heating ribs may comprise hollow channels through which a heating liquid may be passed to further heat the fluid contained in the pipe.

A fluid conduit that is below grade or under water is separated from ambient water by a confined layer of liquid that may be largely undivided by solids. The separation distance between the liquid containment means and the piping or pipeline is such that the total heat transfer by natural convection and conduction from the piping or pipeline to the water containing environment is kept within limits thought necessary to adequately insulate the contents of the pipeline. A liquid may be pumped between the pipe and the means for containing the insulation so as to displace fluids from a pipeline or a heated liquid may be pumped through that space to warm the contents of the pipeline. If the insulating liquid also electrically insulates the pipe, then the pipe may be heated by passing a current directly through the pipe.

Adapter (1) for a conduit for liquid for a distribution device (100) for liquid for a motor vehicle, the adapter (1) comprising: at least one cannula (2) shaped so as to be inserted into a channel of one conduit (101) for liquid, a housing (15) having at least one connection suitable for connecting a cannula (2, 2a, 2b) to a male tubular portion (31a, 31b, 32a, 32b) of a connecting element (3, 3a, 3b) for liquid,
characterised in that the adapter for the conduit for liquid comprises heating means intended to heat at least part of the said adapter (1).