A method for inhibiting corrosion in pipelines for transporting oil and gas is described. A nano-machine is fed along with an inert gas to the pipeline to deliver a corrosion inhibitor which is chemically bonded to the nano-machine. The nano-machine is made by attaching a corrosion inhibitor to a nanoparticle by way of a covalent bond. When the nano-machine encounters a source of corrosion in the pipeline, the corrosion inhibitor is released to treat the corrosion.

A processing system 100 includes a heat insulating pipe 12, a temperature measuring device 19, and a control device 20. The heat insulating pipe 12 has an inner pipe and an outer pipe. An airtight space is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. A fluid having a temperature lower than that of an indoor space in which the heat insulating pipe 12 is placed is flown within the inner pipe. The temperature measuring device 19 measures a temperature of a surface of the heat insulating pipe 12. The control device 20 is controls a pressure within the airtight space by controlling an exhaust device 16 configured to exhaust a gas within the airtight space based on the temperature of the surface of the heat insulating pipe 12 and a dew-point temperature calculated from a humidity and the temperature of the indoor space.

A building pipe network system and method of operating a building pipe network inerting system includes providing an inert gas source, at least one of a closed loop water chiller system and a fire protection system. The closed loop water chiller system has a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a first pipe network, and a first vent in fluid connection with the first pipe network. The fire protection system has a source of pressurized water, a second pipe network fluidly connected with the source of pressurized water, a sprinkler fluidly connected with the second pipe network, and a second vent in fluid connection with the second pipe network. There is also a first fluid connection between the first pipe network and the nitrogen source, and a second fluid connection between the second pipe network and the nitrogen source. An inert gas source, such as a nitrogen gas source, is connected to at least one of, and preferably all, the present pipe networks. Inert gas is supplied from the inert gas source to the pipe network. Water is supplied to the pipe network thereby substantially filling the pipe network with water and compressing the inert gas in the pipe network.

A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.

A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.

A computer-based corrosion/erosion module, communicatively coupled with a probe, estimates corrosion/erosion rates in a pipeline based on metal loss measurements. A High Integrity Protection System (HIPS), upstream of the corrosion/erosion module, includes at least two pressure-sensing elements, connected to the pipeline, for capturing pressure readings associated with inside pressures of the pipeline. The HIPS also includes at least two final elements configured to stop a flow of fluid through the pipeline. A logic solver, coupled with the corrosion/erosion module and the HIPS, is configured to automatically monitor mechanical integrity of the pipeline in real time using the captured pressure readings and estimated metal loss measurements. The logic solver determines a trip set point adjustment using the estimated metal loss measurements and provides the trip set point adjustment to the final elements.

A computer-based corrosion/erosion module, communicatively coupled with a probe, estimates corrosion/erosion rates in a pipeline based on metal loss measurements. A High Integrity Protection System (HIPS), upstream of the corrosion/erosion module, includes at least two pressure-sensing elements, connected to the pipeline, for capturing pressure readings associated with inside pressures of the pipeline. The HIPS also includes at least two final elements configured to stop a flow of fluid through the pipeline. A logic solver, coupled with the corrosion/erosion module and the HIPS, is configured to automatically monitor mechanical integrity of the pipeline in real time using the captured pressure readings and estimated metal loss measurements. The logic solver determines a trip set point adjustment using the estimated metal loss measurements and provides the trip set point adjustment to the final elements.

A flow restrictor is provided for a plug valve. The flow restrictor includes a restrictor body configured to be at least one of held within an internal bore of a valve body of the plug valve or mounted to the valve body in fluid communication with the internal bore. The restrictor body includes a plurality of fluid passages extending through a length of the restrictor body. The fluid passages include turns such that the fluid passages define tortuous fluid paths through the restrictor body.

A pipe is used for control and forced circulation of corrosion-inhibiting fluids in an annulus thereof, the annulus located between an inner pressure barrier and an outer cover of the pipe and containing a number of layers. The pipe includes two layers of tensile armor within the annulus; at least one injection pipe laid helicoidally on the longitudinal extension of the pipe; at least one return pipe laid helicoidally on the longitudinal extension of the pipe; and a ventilation layer within the annulus, the ventilation layer being configured to facilitate the flow of fluids longitudinally through the annulus of the pipe.

The steel material according to the present invention contains, in mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.10 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.10 to 0.8%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.1%, N: 0.010% or less, Cr: 0.1 to 2.5%, Mo: 0.35 to 3.0%, Co: 0.05 to 2.0%, Ti: 0.003 to 0.040%, Nb: 0.003 to 0.050%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.50%, and Ni: 0.01 to 0.50%, and satisfies the following Formulae. A prior-austenite grain diameter of its microstructure is less than 5 m, and a block diameter of its microstructure is less than 2 m. The microstructure contains a total of 90% by volume or more of tempered martensite and tempered bainite.
C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Cu+Ni)/15Co/6+0.70(1)
(3C+Mo+3Co)/(3Mn+Cr)1.0(2).