The steel material according to the present invention contains, in mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.10 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.10 to 0.8%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.1%, N: 0.010% or less, Cr: 0.1 to 2.5%, Mo: 0.35 to 3.0%, Co: 0.05 to 2.0%, Ti: 0.003 to 0.040%, Nb: 0.003 to 0.050%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.50%, and Ni: 0.01 to 0.50%, and satisfies the following Formulae. A prior-austenite grain diameter of its microstructure is less than 5 m, and a block diameter of its microstructure is less than 2 m. The microstructure contains a total of 90% by volume or more of tempered martensite and tempered bainite.

C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Cu+Ni)/15Co/6+0.70(1)

(3C+Mo+3Co)/(3Mn+Cr)1.0(2)

A heat treatment device causing a first fluid and a second fluid to flow therethrough includes heat transfer bodies including first flow channels through which the first fluid flows and second flow channels through which the second fluid flows adjacent to the first flow channels without contact, and pipe-like members detachably placed in the first flow channels and each including a pipe wall having an outer wall surface conforming to a wall surface defining each first flow channel and an inner wall surface with which the first fluid comes into contact.

An isolating flow line spool fitting, particularly for electrical isolation of above-ground steel flow lines or other pipes. Two opposing half segments are electrically separated from each other by non-conductive isolating materials. A first half segment includes a threaded male connection member, while a second half segment includes a mating threaded collar for threadedly connecting the second half segment to the first half segment, and thereby forming a fluid pressure seal.

Use fresh water or water with sufficiently reduced salinity to trigger burst of bacterial cell wall due to osmotic pressure gradient. Combine the freshwater with conventional biocide treatment and pigging to increase the likelihood of killing the bacteria responsible for reservoir souring.

Use fresh water or water with sufficiently reduced salinity to trigger burst of bacterial cell wall due to osmotic pressure gradient. Combine the freshwater with conventional biocide treatment and pigging to increase the likelihood of killing the bacteria responsible for reservoir souring.

Disclosed is a coated metal pipe including a metal pipe and a multi-layered coating film that covers an outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe. The multi-layered coating film includes a chemical conversion layer and a primer layer, and these layers are provided in this order from the inside. The primer layer contains polyamide imide and at least one kind of additive component selected from polyamide, a fluorine resin, a silane coupling agent, and an epoxy resin.

A protective brace for conduit is used to retain a section of conduit in a desired configuration while preventing the section of conduit from becoming kinked. To accomplish this, the protective brace has a pair of u-shaped braces and a collection of detachable fasteners. The two u-shaped braces can be clamped around the section of conduit and then held together by the collection of detachable fasteners. Specifically, the collection of detachable fasteners is connected along the lengthwise edges of the pair of u-shaped braces. Accordingly, the u-shaped braces form a rigid tubular brace that is placed around the section of conduit. Preferably, the two u-shaped braces are designed to retain the section of conduit in a curved configuration.

Process control for a pipeline can be adjusted based on spectroscopic measurements from a monitoring system. For example, a computing system can receive, from the spectroscopic monitoring system, a spectroscopic measurement with respect to fluid flow in the pipeline. The computing system can determine that an amount of a corrosive component in the fluid flow exceeds a predetermined threshold for the process control. In response to determining that the corrosive component in the fluid flow exceeds the predetermined threshold, the computing system can determine an adjustment to the process control for the fluid flow usable to maintain a compositional stability of the fluid flow. Then, the computing system can output the adjustment to a pipeline tool to maintain the compositional stability of the fluid flow.

Process control for a pipeline can be adjusted based on spectroscopic measurements from a monitoring system. For example, a computing system can receive, from the spectroscopic monitoring system, a spectroscopic measurement with respect to fluid flow in the pipeline. The computing system can determine that an amount of a corrosive component in the fluid flow exceeds a predetermined threshold for the process control. In response to determining that the corrosive component in the fluid flow exceeds the predetermined threshold, the computing system can determine an adjustment to the process control for the fluid flow usable to maintain a compositional stability of the fluid flow. Then, the computing system can output the adjustment to a pipeline tool to maintain the compositional stability of the fluid flow.

A system to prevent the formation of hydrates in a pipeline includes a heater assembly. The heater assembly has a vortex tube mounted on an outer surface of a first section of the pipeline and a compressed gas source. The vortex tube is configured to separate gas from an inlet into a hot gas pathway and a cold gas pathway. The vortex tube includes an inlet, a cold gas outlet, and a hot gas outlet. The hot gas outlet of the vortex tube is fluidly connected to an opening defined in the first section of the pipeline. The hot gas outlet is configured to flow hot gas from the vortex tube into an interior volume of the pipeline. The compressed gas source is fluidly connected to the inlet of the vortex tube.