A flexible pipe body and a method of providing electrical continuity are disclosed. The flexible pipe body comprises a first armour layer formed from a helical winding of a metal tape element, a further armour layer formed from a helical winding of a further metal tape element, and at least one intermediate layer between the first and further armour layers, said intermediate layer comprising a helically wound electrically insulating tape element (800.sub.0, 800.sub.1, 800.sub.2, 800.sub.3, 800.sub.4) and a helically wound electrically conductive tape element (810.sub.0, 810.sub.1, 810.sub.2, 810.sub.3, 810.sub.4).

The present invention provides a novel metal corrosion inhibitor containing a compound having a specific structure. The present invention relates to a metal corrosion inhibitor including a compound (X) including one molecule of a mercaptocarboxylic acid or a mercaptocarboxylic acid salt; one molecule of acrylic acid, an acrylic acid salt, or an acrylic acid ester; and one molecule of a monomer (B) represented by the following formula (1), which are bonded to each other: ##STR00001##

Methods and apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical mount body comprising a first open mouth at a first end of the cylindrical body and a further open mouth at a remaining end of the cylindrical body, a substantially cylindrical inner surface, and an outer surface that includes a plurality of spaced apart substantially parallel recessed regions that extends circumferentially around the body, wherein the cylindrical body is tapered at each end and at least one securing element is located between the recessed regions.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical mount body comprising a first open mouth at a first end of the cylindrical body and a further open mouth at a remaining end of the cylindrical body, a substantially cylindrical inner surface, and an outer surface that includes a plurality of spaced apart substantially parallel recessed regions that extends circumferentially around the body, wherein the cylindrical body is tapered at each end and at least one securing element is located between the recessed regions.

An electromagnetic protection device is proposed to prevent adhesion of paraffin and other impurities dissolved in a hydrocarbon liquid to the inner surface of a metal pipeline. The device includes a power supply (battery or industrial electric grid), microprocessor unit, radiating antenna, antenna amplifier including solenoid, MOSFET transistor, capacitors, current and voltage sensors. A virtual capacitor, participating in generating electromagnetic waves preventing the adhesion, is formed between surfaces of the pipeline and a conductive part of the radiating antenna. The microprocessor allows setting an optimal operating mode of the device. The device is preferably furnished with two mount units including extendable rotatable spacers and flexible bands, adjustably fixing the device and radiating antenna to the pipeline. Each spacer includes a bushing including three connected hollow cylinders, two of which have threadings on inner surfaces, and two rods with mating threadings, enclosed in the cylinders, providing for moving the rods therein.

A vehicle body structure includes an exhaust component, a pipe extending from the exhaust component and a water shield. The water shield has a first end fixed to the pipe at a location proximate the exhaust component. The water shield extends rearward from the location proximate the exhaust component and has a second end that is spaced apart from the pipe.

A vehicle body structure includes an exhaust component, a pipe extending from the exhaust component and a water shield. The water shield has a first end fixed to the pipe at a location proximate the exhaust component. The water shield extends rearward from the location proximate the exhaust component and has a second end that is spaced apart from the pipe.

A ball drain wye strainer valve assembly includes a wye strainer located adjacent to a T-ball valve within a unitary body. The ball drain wye strainer valve assembly includes an additional valve member. The combination of the valve members permits the flushing of the wye strainer screen from either upstream or downstream. A drain is also incorporated to allow for the system draining, flushing, or air-purging during the initial installation and subsequent maintenance of the screen and wye strainer.

A ball drain wye strainer valve assembly includes a wye strainer located adjacent to a T-ball valve within a unitary body. The ball drain wye strainer valve assembly includes an additional valve member. The combination of the valve members permits the flushing of the wye strainer screen from either upstream or downstream. A drain is also incorporated to allow for the system draining, flushing, or air-purging during the initial installation and subsequent maintenance of the screen and wye strainer.

A water processor is provided for processing or conditioning water to be distributed downstream of the water processor. The water processor includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet opposite the inlet. The water processor includes a conditioning element disposed inside of the housing between the inlet and outlet. The conditioning element includes a plurality of plates having apertures with sharp edges to direct the flow of water and facilitate splitting of small gas bubbles into even smaller nano-bubbles. The plurality of plates include a first plate having a first configuration of apertures and a second plate having a second configuration of apertures. The first and second plates are disposed in alternating spaced arrangement along the longitudinal axis of the housing. The second configuration is different from the first configuration such that the flow path through the water processor is circuitous or substantially indirect.