A system and method of predicting impending failure of a pressure vessel include a pressure vessel, a fluid source, a line coupled to the pressure vessel and to the fluid source, an apparatus, a sensor and a controller. The apparatus includes a conduit and a containment structure. The containment structure includes a cavity separated from an interior of the conduit by a portion of a conduit wall of the conduit. The sensor is configured to determine a value of a physical property in the cavity. The controller is in signal communication with the sensor and configured to detect a change in the value. The method includes determining a first value of a physical property in the cavity, experiencing a failure of the conduit wall, determining a second value of the physical property in the cavity, and detecting a difference between the first and second values.

A corrosion risk reduction method includes introducing volatile corrosion inhibitor into a piping system, and distributing the volatile corrosion inhibitor inside the system. A corrosion risk reduction apparatus comprises at least one corrosion risk reduction module, which comprises a housing including inlet and outlet ports. The housing contains a volatile corrosion inhibitor. An outlet of the corrosion risk reduction apparatus is configured for fluid communication with a system, and is further configured to direct gas containing volatile corrosion inhibitor from the inside of the housing of the at least one corrosion risk reduction module into the system for distribution inside the system. A volatile corrosion inhibitor detection device comprises a coupling for coupling to a system configured to be closed, and a housing in fluid communication with the coupling and containing an indicator element configured to visually change upon contact with volatile corrosion inhibitor.

A clamp for a pipe includes: a crevice corrosion-resistant member surrounding the outer surface of the pipe; and a body that is assembled to allow the crevice corrosion-resistant member to be disposed inside thereof and has opening walls formed at both ends thereof, each of the opening walls having an opening hole through which the pipe passes, wherein the crevice corrosion-resistant member is provided to have the same length as a distance between the opening walls, and thus ends of the crevice corrosion-resistant member can be supported by the opening walls, respectively.

A clamp for a pipe includes: a crevice corrosion-resistant member surrounding the outer surface of the pipe; and a body that is assembled to allow the crevice corrosion-resistant member to be disposed inside thereof and has opening walls formed at both ends thereof, each of the opening walls having an opening hole through which the pipe passes, wherein the crevice corrosion-resistant member is provided to have the same length as a distance between the opening walls, and thus ends of the crevice corrosion-resistant member can be supported by the opening walls, respectively.

A flexible pipe for subsea transportation of production fluids, a method of manufacturing flexible pipe body and a method of providing corrosion protection to armour wires of at least one tensile armour layer of a flexible pipe having a breached pipe annulus are disclosed. The flexible pipe comprises a fluid retaining layer, an outer sheath and at least one tensile armour layer comprising a plurality of helically wound monofilament armour wires of a first material, each having a non-circular cross section with an aspect ratio of greater than 1:2 disposed between the fluid retaining layer and the outer sheath. The tensile armour layer further comprises at least one helically wound elongate anode element substantially having a cross-section aspect ratio of 1:1 and comprising a further material, interposed between armour wires, the anode element cross section having an area that is 50% or less of a corresponding area of said non-circular cross section.

A flexible pipe for subsea transportation of production fluids, a method of manufacturing flexible pipe body and a method of providing corrosion protection to armour wires of at least one tensile armour layer of a flexible pipe having a breached pipe annulus are disclosed. The flexible pipe comprises a fluid retaining layer, an outer sheath and at least one tensile armour layer comprising a plurality of helically wound monofilament armour wires of a first material, each having a non-circular cross section with an aspect ratio of greater than 1:2 disposed between the fluid retaining layer and the outer sheath. The tensile armour layer further comprises at least one helically wound elongate anode element substantially having a cross-section aspect ratio of 1:1 and comprising a further material, interposed between armour wires, the anode element cross section having an area that is 50% or less of a corresponding area of said non-circular cross section.

The invention relates to a device for hardening resin-impregnated lining tubes with high-energy radiation, comprising at least one radiation source for producing high-energy radiation and at least one power control device for regulating the electrical power output at the at least one radiation source, at least one nominal parameter representing the desired electrical power output of the power control device being adjustable or adjusted, and the actual power received from the at least one radiation source being measured by means of a measuring device and permanently compared with the nominal parameter, wherein in the event of falling short of the nominal parameter, the power control device increases the power output, and in the event of the nominal parameter being exceeded, the power output is reduced.

A system implementing fiber optics to monitor pipeline cathodic protection systems includes a cathodic protection system coupled to a hydrocarbon pipeline and a fiber optic system connected to the cathodic protection system. The cathodic protection system passes a current through the hydrocarbon pipeline to control corrosion of the hydrocarbon pipeline. The fiber optic system measures the current flowing through the hydrocarbon pipeline over time and provides the measured current.

A system implementing fiber optics to monitor pipeline cathodic protection systems includes a cathodic protection system coupled to a hydrocarbon pipeline and a fiber optic system connected to the cathodic protection system. The cathodic protection system passes a current through the hydrocarbon pipeline to control corrosion of the hydrocarbon pipeline. The fiber optic system measures the current flowing through the hydrocarbon pipeline over time and provides the measured current.

A set of three tubular drainage units, each comprised of expanded recycled polystyrene aggregate which is gray in color, is wrapped in film which optionally compresses the drainage units radially and which impedes transmission of infra-red radiation to the aggregate when the drainage units are exposed to sunlight during shipping or storage.