Disclosed are gas cylinder assemblies for containing pressurized gas. The gas cylinder assembly has a polymeric liner and a low-permeability barrier layer. The polymeric liner a first end portion, a second end portion and a central body. The central body comprises an outer surface and an inner surface disposed between the first end and the second end. The gas cylinder assembly comprises a reinforcement structure wound over the central body. The gas cylinder assembly further comprises a metal foil interposed between the reinforcement structure and central body. The metal foil is configured to reduce permeation of contents of the polymeric liner.

A dispenser for dispensing liquid material while attenuating the liquid material and controlling the pattern of the liquid material with process air has a manifold with a plurality of process air passages for providing the process air to one or more liquid dispensing modules. The pressure of process air to one or more of the modules may be separately controlled to be different from the pressure provided to other modules on the dispenser. Accordingly, the air pressure provided to each module can be optimized to accommodate a particular dispensing die.

Methods and systems are provided for controlling operational parameters of a CO.sub.2 compression surface facility or pipeline in order to maintain a CO.sub.2 stream having impurities flowing in the pipeline in a liquid or supercritical phase. Sensors may be provided to sense whether the flow is single-phase or two-phase flow, and feedback provided to adjust the pressure and/or temperature at the pipeline inlet. The system is preferably optimized to limit power consumption and/or cost.

A regulator control panel is provided, which includes flexible inert silicone coating on components in the wetted areas, and the wetted areas are configured to provide a total volume of dead space that is less than 5% of the total system volume.

A system for metering gas a fluid stream includes a primary conduit and a secondary conduit coupled to the primary conduit such that the secondary conduit receives a portion of a fluid stream passing through the primary conduit. A flow manager disposed in the primary conduit is configured to maintain a predetermined relationship between at least one first physical characteristic of the fluid stream and at least one second physical characteristic of the portion of the fluid stream. A sensor measures a flow characteristic of the portion of the fluid stream and a processor determines a flow parameter of the fluid stream based, at least in part, on the predetermined relationship and one of an amplitude or temporal characteristic of the electrical signal.

A system for metering gas a fluid stream includes a primary conduit and a secondary conduit coupled to the primary conduit such that the secondary conduit receives a portion of a fluid stream passing through the primary conduit. A flow manager disposed in the primary conduit is configured to maintain a predetermined relationship between at least one first physical characteristic of the fluid stream and at least one second physical characteristic of the portion of the fluid stream. A sensor measures a flow characteristic of the portion of the fluid stream and a processor determines a flow parameter of the fluid stream based, at least in part, on the predetermined relationship and one of an amplitude or temporal characteristic of the electrical signal.

The invention relates to the balancing of fluid streams in a dialysis system. In particular the invention relates to a cassette for conveying a first and a second fluid stream in a dialysis system, wherein the first and the second fluid streams can be medical fluid streams such as for example dialysate streams or blood streams, wherein the cassette has a sensor as a device for balancing the first and the second fluid stream, and wherein the sensor has a first channel for the first fluid stream and a second channel for the second fluid stream. The invention further relates to a dialysis system, which is configured to accommodate at least one cassette which is configured as described above. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an arrangement by which two channels for the first and the second fluid streams are formed. In addition, the invention relates to a method for construction of the two channels or the arrangement.

The invention relates to the balancing of fluid streams in a dialysis system. In particular the invention relates to a cassette for conveying a first and a second fluid stream in a dialysis system, wherein the first and the second fluid streams can be medical fluid streams such as for example dialysate streams or blood streams, wherein the cassette has a sensor as a device for balancing the first and the second fluid stream, and wherein the sensor has a first channel for the first fluid stream and a second channel for the second fluid stream. The invention further relates to a dialysis system, which is configured to accommodate at least one cassette which is configured as described above. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an arrangement by which two channels for the first and the second fluid streams are formed. In addition, the invention relates to a method for construction of the two channels or the arrangement.

A method of demand management and control of fluid pipe networks including providing a computer controlled fluid network for delivery of fluid through a plurality of valves, maintaining a real time database of predetermined parameters including flow schedules and valve capabilities, requesting a flow rate and time of delivery of said fluid to at least one of said plurality of valves, determining availability of providing delivery and flow rate of fluid to the at least one of said plurality of valves based on hydraulic capacity of the fluid network, and calculating parameters using the database to deliver fluid to the at least one of said plurality of valves, whereby each of the plurality of valves is monitored and adjustably controlled to provide the flow rate and delivery through the at least one of said plurality of valves and manage the pressure head within said fluid pipe network between predetermined limits.

A method of demand management and control of fluid pipe networks including providing a computer controlled fluid network for delivery of fluid through a plurality of valves, maintaining a real time database of predetermined parameters including flow schedules and valve capabilities, requesting a flow rate and time of delivery of said fluid to at least one of said plurality of valves, determining availability of providing delivery and flow rate of fluid to the at least one of said plurality of valves based on hydraulic capacity of the fluid network, and calculating parameters using the database to deliver fluid to the at least one of said plurality of valves, whereby each of the plurality of valves is monitored and adjustably controlled to provide the flow rate and delivery through the at least one of said plurality of valves and manage the pressure head within said fluid pipe network between predetermined limits.