A method for 3D printing a 3D item (10), the method comprising (i) providing 3D printable material (201) comprising particles (410) embedded in the 3D printable material (201), wherein the particles (410) have a longest dimension length (L1), a shortest dimension length (L2), and an aspect ratio AR defined as the ratio of the longest dimension length (L1) and the shortest dimension length (L2), and (ii) depositing during a printing stage 3D printable material (201) to provide the 3D item (10) to provide layers (230) of the 3D printed material (202) with a layer height (H), wherein: (i) 1<AR<4 and 1<H/L2<100.

A lighting device according to one embodiment comprises: a housing having an opening; a half mirror member arranged in the opening; a first light source unit for emitting light at the half mirror member; a mirror member for re-reflecting light reflected by the half mirror member; a diffusion plate arranged between the first light source unit and the half mirror member; and a guide unit protruding from the lower surface of the housing, wherein the housing includes a first area and a second area formed by the guide unit, the first light source unit is arranged in the first area and the mirror member is arranged in the second area, and the diffusion plate can be supported by the guide unit. Therefore, the lighting device can implement various three-dimensional effects of an optical image according to a field of view by using the half mirror member and the mirror member during lighting.

A system for signaling vehicle deceleration having an acceleration sensor, processor, lamp controller, power supply, mount, and lamp. The acceleration sensor gathers acceleration data of the vehicle, and the processor interprets the acceleration data gathered. If, based on that data, the processor determines that the vehicle is decelerating beyond a preset threshold, the processor powers the lamp via the lamp controller. The system adjusts for various orientations and positions of installment.

A lighting module disclosed in an embodiment comprises: a plurality of light emitting devices on a substrate; and a reflector arranged in the direction of emission of light from each light emitting device on the substrate. The light emitting device has a light exit surface, and the reflector has a reflecting surface concave toward the substrate, at least a portion of the reflecting surface corresponding to the light exit surface of the light emitting device. The reflecting surface is arranged at a height that increases gradually in proportion to the interval from the light emitting device arranged in the light incident direction. The reflecting surface comprises a plurality of convex portions arranged in a first direction and first bridge portions that connect between the plurality of convex portions. The first bridge portions are arranged along the convex portions and are arranged to be lower than a straight line that connect high points of adjacent convex portions. The convex portions and the first bridge portions have the same length in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction, and the area of the convex portions may be larger than the area of the first bridge portions.

A lighting module disclosed in an embodiment comprises: a plurality of light emitting devices on a substrate; and a reflector arranged in the direction of emission of light from each light emitting device on the substrate. The light emitting device has a light exit surface, and the reflector has a reflecting surface concave toward the substrate, at least a portion of the reflecting surface corresponding to the light exit surface of the light emitting device. The reflecting surface is arranged at a height that increases gradually in proportion to the interval from the light emitting device arranged in the light incident direction. The reflecting surface comprises a plurality of convex portions arranged in a first direction and first bridge portions that connect between the plurality of convex portions. The first bridge portions are arranged along the convex portions and are arranged to be lower than a straight line that connect high points of adjacent convex portions. The convex portions and the first bridge portions have the same length in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction, and the area of the convex portions may be larger than the area of the first bridge portions.

A headlamp having a plurality of light sources which emit light during the operation of the headlamp, a primary optical unit, which at least partially shapes the light emanating from the light sources, a secondary optical unit, which includes a first optically functional boundary surface having at least one first section and at least one second section. A first portion of the light emanating from the primary optical unit passing through the at least one first section, and a second portion passing through the at least one second section. The at least one first section having a positive refractive power at least with respect to a first direction and the second section having a lower refractive power than the first section or as a lens having a negative refractive power at least with respect to the first direction.

To prevent a decrease in luminance of the flashed high-beam headlights caused by ambient temperature in a vehicle headlight system using a liquid crystal element. The vehicle headlight system for selectively irradiating light in front of an own vehicle includes: a light source; a liquid crystal element for forming an image using light from the light source where the liquid crystal element is a normally closed liquid crystal element having a relatively low transmittance when no voltage is applied thereto; a driving circuit for driving the liquid crystal element; and a control part that determines whether or not the light source is in a light-off state and controls the driving circuit to set the liquid crystal element to a transmission state when the light source is in the light-off state.

A light-emitting device includes a substrate including a first electrode group and a second electrode group, a first light emitting unit, a second light emitting unit, and a side wall. The first light emitting unit is provided on the upper surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the first electrode group. The second light emitting unit is provided on the upper surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the second electrode group. The side wall surrounds the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit. The first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit are arranged side by side such that a separation space between the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit is smaller than a space between the second light emitting unit and an outer peripheral surface of the side wall.

A light-emitting device includes a substrate including a first electrode group and a second electrode group, a first light emitting unit, a second light emitting unit, and a side wall. The first light emitting unit is provided on the upper surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the first electrode group. The second light emitting unit is provided on the upper surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the second electrode group. The side wall surrounds the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit. The first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit are arranged side by side such that a separation space between the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit is smaller than a space between the second light emitting unit and an outer peripheral surface of the side wall.

A vehicular lamp includes a laser light source configured to radiate a laser beam, a wavelength conversion member configured to receive the laser beam and radiate white light, and a lens body disposed between the laser light source and the wavelength conversion member and configured to emit the white light, wherein the lens body has a laser beam incident surface configured to allow incidence of the laser beam, a white light incident surface configured to emit the laser beam from inside of the lens body and to allow incidence of the white light radiated from the wavelength conversion member, and an emission surface configured to emit the white light, and the wavelength conversion member is disposed to be separated from the white light incident surface.