A reflector for vehicles includes a reflective surface that contains an optical element to reflect light incident on the optical element according to specific reflection characteristics. The reflective surface is designed as a hologram element which has a grating structure in such a way that light incident on the hologram element is reflected according to the specific reflection characteristics.

A light bar has a circuit board positioned within a housing and having a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is configured to transmit light. The housing has wiring electrically connected to a controller. The controller is configured to receive signals from the electrical system of the vehicle, interpret the signals received from the electrical system of the vehicle, and in response automatically control illumination of independently controllable segments of the vehicle light bar. The controller is initially programmed to perform specific function(s) and/or strobe according to specific patterns and is thereafter at least partially restricted from being reprogrammed by a user to serve other function(s), either by restricting the emission of light in at least one color and/or preventing specific strobing pattern(s).

A radiation-emitting semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor layer sequence having an active layer for generating electromagnetic radiation. The semiconductor chip also includes a reflector at a side surface of the semiconductor layer sequence having a reflector surface facing the semiconductor layer sequence and extending obliquely with respect to the active layer. The semiconductor chip further includes a top surface extending transversely with respect to the reflector surface and having a first emission region. The semiconductor chip additionally includes a further reflector situated opposite the reflector. The semiconductor chip is configured such that electromagnetic radiation generated in the active layer during operation is reflected by the reflector and emerges from the semiconductor chip via the emission region of the top surface. A main emission direction of the emerging electromagnetic radiation together with the active layer form an emergence angle of between 30 and 80 inclusive.

A light guide element includes: an incidence surface wherefrom light enters from a light source; a first reflection surface configured to totally reflect at least a portion of the light entering from the incidence surface; a second reflection surface configured to totally reflect at least a portion of the light totally reflected by the first reflection surface as parallel light; and an emission surface configured to emit the parallel light totally reflected by the second reflection surface.

A light guide element includes: an incidence surface wherefrom light enters from a light source; a first reflection surface configured to totally reflect at least a portion of the light entering from the incidence surface; a second reflection surface configured to totally reflect at least a portion of the light totally reflected by the first reflection surface as parallel light; and an emission surface configured to emit the parallel light totally reflected by the second reflection surface.

A system for signaling vehicle deceleration having an acceleration sensor, processor, lamp controller, power supply, mount, and lamp. The acceleration sensor gathers acceleration data of the vehicle, and the processor interprets the acceleration data gathered. If, based on that data, the processor determines that the vehicle is decelerating beyond a preset threshold, the processor powers the lamp via the lamp controller. The system adjusts for various orientations and positions of installment.

A planar lighting device according to an embodiment includes a light guide plate and a reflecting member. The light guide plate has an incident surface that receives light output from a light source and an output surface that outputs the light received by the incident surface. The reflecting member faces an end surface opposite to the incident surface of the light guide plate and reflects light leaking from the end surface. A plurality of first prisms are formed on an opposite surface opposite to the output surface-of the light guide plate to be away from the output surface stepwise from the incident surface to the end surface. The first prisms cause the light reflected by the reflecting member and traveling from the end surface toward the incident surface to be output from the output surface in a first direction as first light and cause the light entering into the incident surface and traveling from the incident surface toward the end surface to be output from the output surface in a second direction different from the first direction as second light.

The diffraction lens has an incident side and an exit side that are both convexly shaped, includes an exit diffraction plane that has an absolute value for the order of diffraction of 5 or greater and is disposed on the exit side, and is shaped such that the absolute value of a curvature at the surface apex of an envelope surface of the exit diffraction plane is smaller than the absolute value of a curvature at the surface apex of an incident surface, or the absolute value of the amount of sag in the direction of the optical axis at an outer periphery of the envelope surface of the exit diffraction plane is smaller than the maximum absolute value of the amount of sag in the direction of the optical axis at an outer periphery of the incident surface.

The diffraction lens has an incident side and an exit side that are both convexly shaped, includes an exit diffraction plane that has an absolute value for the order of diffraction of 5 or greater and is disposed on the exit side, and is shaped such that the absolute value of a curvature at the surface apex of an envelope surface of the exit diffraction plane is smaller than the absolute value of a curvature at the surface apex of an incident surface, or the absolute value of the amount of sag in the direction of the optical axis at an outer periphery of the envelope surface of the exit diffraction plane is smaller than the maximum absolute value of the amount of sag in the direction of the optical axis at an outer periphery of the incident surface.

A ventilation member includes: a cylindrical holding member including an outer projection portion; a ventilation film mounted to cover one end of the holding member in a centerline direction, the ventilation film preventing a liquid and solid from entering the holding member, the ventilation film permitting a flow of gas between the inside and the outside; and a cover member provided around the holding member, the cover member including a side wall portion, a top portion, and an inner projection portion, the top portion closing one end of the side wall portion in the centerline direction, the inner projection portion projecting inward from an inner circumferential surface of the side wall portion and contacting the outer projection portion of the holding member so as to form a ventilation passage between the ventilation film and the top portion, the ventilation passage allowing gas to flow therethrough.