The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems, including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that may integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. The present disclosure also provides apparatuses and methods for heat exchange, such as an apparatus that can perform boiling and steam super-heating in separate chambers in order to reach a target outlet temperature that is relatively constant as the apparatus becomes fouled. A system of the present disclosure may include an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) subsystem that generates a product stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms, and a dual compartment heat exchanger downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem.

The current invention disclose a method and apparatus for production of hot water or steam in a firetube boiler, said method comprising the steps of producing a first flue gas using a first stage of a burner in a first pass of a firetube boiler; passing at least a portion of said first flue gas through a second pass of said boiler, wherein said second pass comprises a plurality of firetubes; routing said portion of said first flue gas to a second stage of said burner to reduce NOx emissions from said second stage of said burner; producing a second flue gas from said second stage of said burner in a third pass of said boiler; passing said second flue gas through a fourth pass of said boiler, wherein said fourth pass comprises a plurality of firetubes.

Aqueous working fluid (WF) steam generation system including: pressure vessel containing heat exchanger; enclosed combustion air (CA) chamber; burner; another heat exchanger outside pressure vessel; and WF conduit. Heat exchanger includes first: enclosed WF chamber having WF input and output apertures (IOA); and enclosed CA passageway communicating with CAIOA and passing through enclosed WF chamber. Enclosed CA chamber includes second: enclosed WF chamber having WFIOA; and enclosed CA passageway communicating with CAIOA. Burner is connected to second CA input aperture. Another heat exchanger includes third: enclosed WF chamber having WFIOA; and enclosed CA passageway communicating with CAIOA. WF conduit connects third WF output aperture to second WF input aperture. Second WF output aperture is connected to first WF input aperture; and second CA output aperture is connected to first CA input aperture; and first CA output aperture is connected to third CA input aperture.

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems, including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that may integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. The present disclosure also provides apparatuses and methods for heat exchange, such as an apparatus that can perform boiling and steam super-heating in separate chambers in order to reach a target outlet temperature that is relatively constant as the apparatus becomes fouled. A system of the present disclosure may include an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) subsystem that generates a product stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms, and a dual compartment heat exchanger downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem.

A cylindrical burner apparatus and method which produce low NO.sub.x emissions and low noise levels without being dependent upon a blower, or natural draft, for providing air flow or flue gas recirculation. A flow of combustion air is induced into an initial tube pass of the burner by discharging a gas fuel from a plurality of discharge ports located in the initial tube pass. At the same time, a flow of recycled flue gas is induced through a bypass duct between a subsequent tube pass of the burner and the initial tube pass by discharging one or more jets of gas fuel through the bypass duct.

A cylindrical burner apparatus and method which produce low NO.sub.x emissions and low noise levels without being dependent upon a blower, or natural draft, for providing air flow or flue gas recirculation. A flow of combustion air is induced into an initial tube pass of the burner by discharging a gas fuel from a plurality of discharge ports located in the initial tube pass. At the same time, a flow of recycled flue gas is induced through a bypass duct between a subsequent tube pass of the burner and the initial tube pass by discharging one or more jets of gas fuel through the bypass duct.

A gas-fired atmospheric pressure steam humidifier having high efficiency and ultra-low NOx(3) emissions is disclosed. In some examples, the gas-fired humidifier can have an efficiency of greater than 90 percent and a NOx(3) output of less than 20 parts per million (ppm). In one aspect, the humidifier includes a secondary heat exchanger having a first heat exchange section for pre-heating combustion air and a separate second heat exchange section for pre-heating make-up water, wherein the first and second heat exchange sections are in heat transfer communication with exhaust gases generated by the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly. In some examples, the first heat exchange section includes orifices for enabling flue gas recirculation.

A gas-fired atmospheric pressure steam humidifier having high efficiency and ultra-low NOx(3) emissions is disclosed. In some examples, the gas-fired humidifier can have an efficiency of greater than 90 percent and a NOx(3) output of less than 20 parts per million (ppm). In one aspect, the humidifier includes a secondary heat exchanger having a first heat exchange section for pre-heating combustion air and a separate second heat exchange section for pre-heating make-up water, wherein the first and second heat exchange sections are in heat transfer communication with exhaust gases generated by the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly. In some examples, the first heat exchange section includes orifices for enabling flue gas recirculation.

A modular combustion system for flexible energy generation is provided. The system comprises a plurality of combustion boilers, at least one oxidizer supply unit providing an oxidizer stream to the combustion boilers, at least one feeder to provide fuel to the combustion boilers, at least one particle removal unit to remove particles from a flue gas output stream from the combustion boilers, and a pollution removal unit to remove pollutant gases from the flue gas output stream. A process for flexible energy generation using the modular combustion system is disclosed that includes providing an oxidizer stream to a plurality of combustion boilers with at least one oxidizer supply unit, providing fuel to the plurality of combustion boilers with at least one feeder, removing particles from a flue gas output stream from the plurality of combustion boilers with at least one particle removal unit, and removing pollutant gases from a particle-free flue gas output stream with at least one pollution removal unit. A system for controlling wall heat flux in a pressurized coal combustion environment is disclosed that includes at least one burner; and at least one low-mixing, axial-flow boiler.

A modular pressurized combustion system for flexible energy generation is provided. The system comprises a plurality of pressurized combustion boilers, at least one compressor configured to provide pressurized oxidizer gas to each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers in parallel, and at least one feeder configured to provide fuel to each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers in parallel. The system further comprises a flue gas input unit configured to provide recycled flue gas to each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers in series, at least one pressurized heat recovery unit configured to receive a flue gas output stream from each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers, and at least one particle filter configured to filter a flue gas output stream from the pressurized heat recovery unit. The system also comprises an integrated pollutant removal unit.