A method of safely vaporizing liquid chlorine containing high concentrations of nitrogen trichloride contaminant from a chloralkali plant. In a vertical plug-flow vaporizer having an upward flow direction, a stream of liquid chlorine containing nitrogen trichloride is received. A gas such as air, nitrogen or chlorine gas is introduced into the liquid stream upstream of the boiling zone of the vaporizer to induce a flow regime, for example annular flow or mist flow, that prevents a mass accumulation of nitrogen trichloride in the vaporizer. The liquid chlorine containing nitrogen trichloride is vaporized. The resulting gas stream may be processed to destroy the nitrogen trichloride and recycled to the chlorine production train.

A segmented watertube boiler system allows for rapidly expanding the capacity of a boiler. The system joins boiler segments to form a boiler. The segments have portions of the boiler so that the storage capacity for water and heat are increased with the number of segments uses. Any openings in the segments on the ends are capped off and heat and water sources are attached. The boiler can be cleaned and maintained by simply disassembling the segments to provide access to the whole boiler.

A spraying heat preservation vapor supplying device comprises: a heat preservation boiler having an inner chamber, an outer chamber surrounding the inner chamber and a compartment layer separating the inner chamber from the outer chamber; a high heat capacity material filled in the outer chamber; a heater connected to the heat preservation boiler and heating the high heat capacity material, heat of the high heat capacity material being transferred to the inner chamber through the compartment layer; a supplier tube having a first end disposed in the inner chamber; a liquid source connected to a second end of the supplier tube and supplying a liquid to the inner chamber through the supplier tube to absorb heat of the inner chamber so that a vapor is generated; and a vapor outlet connected to the inner chamber and outputting the vapor. A generator apparatus using the vapor supplying device is also provided.

A spraying heat preservation vapor supplying device comprises: a heat preservation boiler having an inner chamber, an outer chamber surrounding the inner chamber and a compartment layer separating the inner chamber from the outer chamber; a high heat capacity material filled in the outer chamber; a heater connected to the heat preservation boiler and heating the high heat capacity material, heat of the high heat capacity material being transferred to the inner chamber through the compartment layer; a supplier tube having a first end disposed in the inner chamber; a liquid source connected to a second end of the supplier tube and supplying a liquid to the inner chamber through the supplier tube to absorb heat of the inner chamber so that a vapor is generated; and a vapor outlet connected to the inner chamber and outputting the vapor. A generator apparatus using the vapor supplying device is also provided.

A low-carbon energy utilization system for steam and power cogeneration of oil field is provided, which includes a first water pump device, a second water pump device, electric heating devices, a liquid mixer, a fossil-fuel steam injection boiler, a steam mixer, a super-heater, and a new energy generation station. The electric heating devices are connected to the first water pump device. The liquid mixer is connected to the second water pump device and the electric heating devices. The fossil-fuel steam injection boiler is connected to the liquid mixer. The steam mixer is connected to the electric heating devices and the fossil-fuel steam injection boiler. The super-heater is connected to the steam mixer. The new energy generation station is used for supplying power to the electric heating devices.

A boiler system having a series of boilers. Each boiler includes a shell having an upstream end, a downstream end, and a hollow interior. The boilers also have an oxidizer inlet entering the hollow interior adjacent the upstream end of the shell and a fuel nozzle positioned adjacent the upstream end of the shell for introducing fuel into the hollow interior of the shell. Each boiler includes a flue duct connected to the shell adjacent the downstream end for transporting flue gas from the hollow interior. Oxygen is delivered to the oxidizer inlet of the first boiler in the series. Flue gas from the immediately preceding boiler in the series is delivered through the oxidizer inlet of each boiler subsequent to the first boiler in the series.

A boiler system having a series of boilers. Each boiler includes a shell having an upstream end, a downstream end, and a hollow interior. The boilers also have an oxidizer inlet entering the hollow interior adjacent the upstream end of the shell and a fuel nozzle positioned adjacent the upstream end of the shell for introducing fuel into the hollow interior of the shell. Each boiler includes a flue duct connected to the shell adjacent the downstream end for transporting flue gas from the hollow interior. Oxygen is delivered to the oxidizer inlet of the first boiler in the series. Flue gas from the immediately preceding boiler in the series is delivered through the oxidizer inlet of each boiler subsequent to the first boiler in the series.

Systems and methods for selectively producing steam from solar collectors and heaters, for processes including enhanced oil recovery. A representative system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a water source, a solar collector that includes a collector inlet, a collector outlet, and a plurality of solar concentrators positioned to heat water passing from the collector inlet to the collector outlet, a fuel-fired heater, a steam outlet connected to an oil field injection well, and a water flow network coupled among the water source, the solar collector, the heater, and the steam outlet. The system can further include a controller operatively coupled to the water flow network and programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct at least one portion of the flow through the solar collector and the fuel-fired heater in a first sequence, and direct the at least one portion or a different portion of the flow through the solar collector and the fuel-fired heater in a second sequence different than the first sequence.

Systems and methods for selectively producing steam from solar collectors and heaters, for processes including enhanced oil recovery. A representative system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a water source, a solar collector that includes a collector inlet, a collector outlet, and a plurality of solar concentrators positioned to heat water passing from the collector inlet to the collector outlet, a fuel-fired heater, a steam outlet connected to an oil field injection well, and a water flow network coupled among the water source, the solar collector, the heater, and the steam outlet. The system can further include a controller operatively coupled to the water flow network and programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct at least one portion of the flow through the solar collector and the fuel-fired heater in a first sequence, and direct the at least one portion or a different portion of the flow through the solar collector and the fuel-fired heater in a second sequence different than the first sequence.

A system for providing supercritical steam including a first boiler that generates steam via combusting a first fuel, and a second boiler fluidly connected to the first boiler via a conduit which heats the generated steam to supercritical steam temperatures via combusting a second fuel. A first temperature of the conduit may be below a critical corrosion temperature and a second temperature of the conduit is greater than or equal to the critical corrosion temperature. A combined carbon emission rate of the first boiler and the second boiler may be less than a combined carbon emission rate of generating and heating the steam to supercritical steam temperatures using boilers that only combust the first fuel. The first boiler may be fluidly connected to a heat exchanger that heats the generated steam to a supercritical steam temperature via a flue gas produced by a gas turbine.