A vehicle heater includes a burner area, a circumferential wall providing a combustion chamber, a flame tube with a first end forming or adjacent to a part of the combustion chamber circumferential wall and a second flame tube end. A heat exchanger housing has a circumferential wall enclosing the flame tube. A waste gas backflow space is formed, between an outer side of the flame tube and an inner side of the heat exchanger housing circumferential wall, with an inlet area at the second flame tube end and with an outlet area in the area of the first flame tube end. An inner dimension of the circumferential wall increases in the direction from an inlet area of the waste gas backflow space to an outlet area. An outer dimension of the flame tube increases in the direction from the second flame tube end to the first flame tube end.

Horizontal immersion tube boilers include a plurality of burner nozzles positioned in substantial alignment with a respective plurality of boiler tubes. Fuel-air mixture directed through the burner nozzles are ignited by a pilot flame system positioned proximate to the burner nozzles within a combustion chamber. The burner nozzles and pilot flame system receive air from a secondary air manifold having inlets that provide secondary air into the combustion chamber. The flames extending from the burner nozzles are directed into the respective boiler tubes, which exchange heat from the flame into water within a boiler shell. The secondary air inlets direct air around the burner nozzles and toward the boiler tubes, creating an air blanket around each burner nozzle for reducing turbulence and guide the flames into their respective boiler tubes. An improved flame arrestor within the nozzle prevents flame back-flow when modulating to lower firing rates.

A cylindrical burner apparatus and method which produce low NO.sub.x emissions and low noise levels without being dependent upon a blower, or natural draft, for providing air flow or flue gas recirculation. A flow of combustion air is induced into the initial tube pass of the burner by discharging a gas fuel from a plurality of discharge ports located in the initial tube pass. At the same time, a flow of recycled flue gas is induced through a bypass duct between a subsequent tube pass of the burner and the initial tube pass by discharging one or more jets of gas fuel through the bypass duct.

A premix gas burner comprises a main body, a porous wall, a distribution chamber delimited by the main body and by the porous wall, and an entrance in the main body for introducing a premix of combustible gas and air into the distribution chamber. The main body comprises a cylindrical shape. The porous wall comprises a first porous wall segment and a second porous wall segment. The first porous wall segment and the second porous wall segment both comprise pores for the premix gas to flow from the distribution chamber through the pores, for combustion of the premix gas outside the distribution chamber. The first porous wall segment comprises or consists out of a shaped segment. The shaped segment is directed to the inside of the distribution chamber, such that when the burner is in use premix gas flows from the distribution chamber through the pores of the shaped segment to the inside of the shaped segment. The second porous wall segment comprises an annular porous wall segment. The annular porous wall segment is provided at the base of the shaped segment. The base of the shaped element is provided at the side of the shaped element opposite to the location of the entrance in the main body.

Submerged combustion burners having improved fuel and oxidant mixing characteristics. Submerged combustion melters including the burners. Methods of using submerged combustion melters to melt glass-forming materials and produce molten glass.

The invention relates to a submerged combustion burner (1) and to a melter comprising submerged combustion burners (1). The burner comprises at least one oxidant feeding tube, at least one fuel feeding tube, a burner head having a peripheral envelope, the fuel and oxidant feeding tubes abutting against the burner head, at least two, preferably at least three, peripheral outward directed nozzles, each of the nozzles having a nozzle outlet, the nozzle outlets being arranged on a peripheral line on the peripheral envelope of the burner head, the nozzle outlet axis being inclined by an angle of 5 to 30° to the horizontal, and the nozzles practiced in the burner head being connected to the oxidant feeding tube and to the fuel feeding tube.

A high efficiency heating apparatus for heating fluids and cooking mediums, such as oil or shortening within a fryer, includes a natural draft (non powered) combustion chamber that is affixed to an exterior surface of a fry tank.

A high efficiency heating apparatus for heating fluids and cooking mediums, such as oil or shortening within a fryer, includes a natural draft (non powered) combustion chamber that is affixed to an exterior surface of a fry tank.

The application relates to an assembly for controlling detonation wave mode of a rotating detonation combustion chamber, which includes an inner barrel, an outer plate and at least one sectoral direction-changing block. The outer plate is sleeved outside the inner barrel. An annular cavity is formed between the outer plate and the inner barrel. At least one groove is arranged on one side of the outer plate close to the inner barrel. The groove wall comprises an arc edge and a straight edge. The groove is connected with the annular cavity. The sectoral direction-changing blocks are arranged in the grooves in one-to-one correspondence. An arc edge of the sectoral direction-changing block is positioned far away from the inner barrel.

A cylindrical burner apparatus and method which produce low noise levels and are not dependent upon a blower, or natural draft, for providing combustion air flow. A flow of combustion air is induced into a rearward end of a burner tube and a swirling flame is produced in the tube by discharging a gas fuel from a plurality of discharge ports located in the tube.