Component surfaces are coated with thermally stable layers. In particular infrared mirror surfaces or surfaces of combustion chambers are coated with at least one layer consisting of thermally stable AlCrO in such a manner that the absorption, reflection or transmission of infrared radiations (hereinafter also called thermal radiations) is influenced.

Component surfaces are coated with thermally stable layers. In particular infrared mirror surfaces or surfaces of combustion chambers are coated with at least one layer consisting of thermally stable AlCrO in such a manner that the absorption, reflection or transmission of infrared radiations (hereinafter also called thermal radiations) is influenced.

A flow control apparatus includes a flow control signal generation device for generating a DC control signal based on an audio signal and at least one proportional valve. The flow control signal generation device includes an audio receiving module, a filter rectifier module, a microprocessor and a proportional valve control signal generation module. The filter rectifier module generates at least one DC audio signal by filtering the audio signal provided by the audio receiving module. The microprocessor generates a plurality of period attenuated values based on the DC audio signal. The proportional valve control signal generation module filters the audio signal, attenuates the signal based on the period attenuated values, and then performs filtering and rectification processing to generate the DC control signal, such that the proportional valve may control the opening ratio of the proportional valve based on the DC control signal.

The invention is directed to a method for reducing NOx emission from an industrial process furnace comprising a firebox containing a burner and a tube, which method comprises subjecting an oxidant gas and/or a fuel gas (1) to humidification, thereby obtaining a humidified gas; and pre-heating the humidified gas with an external waste heat stream (20) before feeding the gas to the burner.

The present invention provides a burner, a combustor equipped with the burner, and a gas turbine, with which it is possible to premix a first hydrocarbon-based fuel (for example, natural gas), a second fuel (for example, hydrogen gas), and combustion air, and to spray into the combustion chamber of the combustor a thin and uniform concentration distribution of the premixed air, and with which it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx discharged. On the upstream side of the premix flow path, hydrogen gas is sprayed from second fuel spray nozzles, which project into the premix flow path, into the flow of the combustion air flowing toward the center from the outer edge of an outer cylinder, whereby a primary air-fuel mixture having a uniform concentration distribution is generated without affecting a low-speed region of the combustion air. Natural gas is then sprayed from first fuel spray nozzles into the primary air-fuel mixture, whereby the natural gas, which has a high specific gravity, and the primary air-fuel mixture are adequately mixed in a stirring fashion, and a secondary air-fuel mixture (premixed air) is generated that is lean and has a more uniform concentration distribution than the first air-fuel mixture. By combusting this type of premixed air in the combustion chamber, NOx in the combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed.

The present invention provides a burner, a combustor equipped with the burner, and a gas turbine, with which it is possible to premix a first hydrocarbon-based fuel (for example, natural gas), a second fuel (for example, hydrogen gas), and combustion air, and to spray into the combustion chamber of the combustor a thin and uniform concentration distribution of the premixed air, and with which it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx discharged. On the upstream side of the premix flow path, hydrogen gas is sprayed from second fuel spray nozzles, which project into the premix flow path, into the flow of the combustion air flowing toward the center from the outer edge of an outer cylinder, whereby a primary air-fuel mixture having a uniform concentration distribution is generated without affecting a low-speed region of the combustion air. Natural gas is then sprayed from first fuel spray nozzles into the primary air-fuel mixture, whereby the natural gas, which has a high specific gravity, and the primary air-fuel mixture are adequately mixed in a stirring fashion, and a secondary air-fuel mixture (premixed air) is generated that is lean and has a more uniform concentration distribution than the first air-fuel mixture. By combusting this type of premixed air in the combustion chamber, NOx in the combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed.

According to an embodiment, a fired heater includes a fuel and combustion air source configured to output fuel and combustion air into a combustion volume, the combustion volume including a combustion volume wall defining a lateral extent separate from an exterior volume. According to an embodiment, the fired heater includes a boiler heater and the combustion volume wall comprises a combustion pipe defining a lateral extent of the combustion volume, the combustion pipe being disposed to separate the combustion volume from a water and steam volume. The fired heater includes a mixing tube aligned to receive the fuel and combustion air from the fuel and combustion air source. The mixing tube may be separated from the combustion volume wall by a separation volume. The fired heater includes a bluff body flame holder aligned to receive a fuel and combustion air mixture from an outlet end of the mixing tube. The bluff body flame holder may be configured to hold a combustion reaction for heating a combustion volume wall. The combustion volume wall may include a combustion pipe. The combustion pipe may be configured to heat the water in the water and steam volume.

A thermo-kinetic reactor and process where a micro-packet of a mixture of air, fuel, and water are exposed to high energy ultrasound, a high frequency electromagnetic field, and thermal energy self-generated to initiate micro-nuclear fusion. A reaction chamber with a nozzle and adjacent resonance chamber form micro-packets and micro-explosions. The micro-explosions form high negative pressure bubbles which implode accelerating fusible elements towards a center forming a nucleus generating kinetic energy.

A combustion fluid flow barrier includes an aperture to control combustion fluid flow. The combustion fluid is charged by a charge generator. The combustion fluid flow barrier includes at least one flow control electrode operatively coupled to the aperture and configured to selectively allow, attract, or resist passage of the charged combustion fluid through the aperture, depending on voltage applied to the flow control electrode.

The present invention refers to a system, a method and a device to optimize the efficiency of the combustion of gases for the production of clean energy comprising a magnetic nucleus (30) and inlet and outlet ducts (41a, 42a), the inlet and outlet ducts (41a, 42a) being configured to receive gases, the gases alternately establishing flows between the inlet ducts (41a) and the outlet ducts (42a) and vice-versa, the magnetic nucleus (30) being configured to generate and to expose the gases within the inlet and outlet ducts (41a, 42a) to magnetic fields (35), the alternation of flows between the inlet and outlet ducts (41a, 42a) and the exposure to magnetic fields (35) promoting acceleration of the hydrogen atoms and ions of oxygen and argon, promoting the reduction of the radii of the orbits of the electrons of the hydrogen around their nuclei and provoking the release of potential energy of the electrons and corresponding increase of the kinetic energy of the nuclei of the gas molecules, in such a way to optimize (increase) the heating power of the gases (201, 202).