Methods and apparatuses can be configured to facilitate sorting of paper from garbage and/or single stream recycling and subsequently process that separated paper to remove the contaminants from the paper so that the paper is in an acceptable condition for recycling. In some embodiments, the apparatus and method may utilize at least one dryer device that is configured to heat the paper without combusting the paper to remove water from the paper. The dryer device can also be configured to mix the paper as it is dried while also removing particulate contaminants off of the paper to clean the thrown away paper sufficiently so that the paper is in a condition that is acceptable for recycling into a paper product (e.g. a cardboard box, paper plate, sheets of paper, etc.).

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a pyrolysis product, in which raw material are fed to the pyrolysis reactor and gaseous pyrolysis product fractions and by-product fractions are formed from raw material by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor. According to the invention the method comprising steps: combusting at least one by-product fraction from the pyrolysis reactor in at least two combustors, and recovering energy formed in the combustor.

A thermochemical system & method may be configured to convert an organic feedstock to various products. A thermochemical system may include a solid material feed module, a reactor module, an afterburner module, and a solid product finishing module. The various operational parameters (temperature, pressure, etc.) of the various modules may vary depending on the desired products. The product streams may be gaseous, vaporous, liquid, and/or solid.

The invention relates to a process for firing an industrial furnace, in particular for electricity generation, wherein coal or cokes together with a secondary fuel comprising cellulose and plastic, in the form of pellets of a size larger than about 3 mm thickness, and having a caloric value of about 16 GJ/ton or more is ground to a powder wherein about 95 wt % or more has a particle size smaller than 2 mm and wherein the d50 of the particle size distribution is between about 5 and about 100 m, wherein the powder is injected in the flame of the furnace. In this process the grinding is performed in a roller mill or ball mill, and the amount of pellets used together with the coals preferably is about 3 wt % or more, relative to the coal.

A bio-fuel furnace for use in waste management, non-combustible particulate collection and useable energy production. The bio-fuel furnace includes a combustion unit, a particle separator, an airflow management system. The combustion unit includes a modular ceramic core of stacked cylindrical sections, which store thermal energy. The stacked core sections form an internal combustion chamber and an expansion chamber. The airflow management system regulates airflow through the combustion unit and the particle separator forcing super heated ambient air into the combustion unit and drawing exhaust air from the particle separator to precisely control both the combustion process and the storage of useable thermal energy. The airflow management system includes a series of preheat coils wrapped around the ceramic core, an inlet fan which forces ambient air through the coil into the combustion unit and an exhaust fan that draws exhaust air through the separator and from the combustion unit.

A rural bulk organic waste pollutant source comprehensive treatment system including a solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor, a liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and a multifunctional boiler is provided. A rural bulk organic waste pollutant source comprehensive treatment method. For excretion waste of a livestock farm adopting the technology of manure cleaning by urine submerging, a solid-liquid separation is firstly performed thereto, wherein solid is conveyed to the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and fermented to produce solid organic fertilizers, and liquid is conveyed to the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and fermented to produce liquid organic fertilizers. For dry collection manure of a livestock and poultry farm, carbon-containing auxiliary materials, residues left after dead animals and household waste being incinerated by the multifunctional boiler, and ash generated by straw burning are added thereto, and then the mixture is conveyed to the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and fermented to produce solid organic fertilizers. Exhaust fume and hot water produced by the multifunctional boiler pass through the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor to heat the reactors and keep the reactors warm.

A toxic waste incinerator is capable of enhanced combustion of hazardous waste (oil contaminated sand, human waste, garbage, etc.) utilizing immersed non-combustible and thermally conductive objects for increasing heat feedback from the flames to the unburned fuel, while air inlets are used to optimize the air entrainment rate to enhance the burning efficiency. The burning rate of a fluidic mass such as a sand-oil mixture is enhanced using immersed conductive objects (copper rods) which enable rapid heat-up of the flame exposed to the upper surface of the rod and transmits heat back into the sand. Consequent conduction of heat to the porous media through the lower portion of the immersed rod significantly increases vaporization and therefore the burning rate. Incineration may be performed on a transient, exigent basis as with hazardous waste and oil spills, or as part of a permanent fixture for receiving an ongoing waste stream.

A fossil-fuel power generation system assisted by waste incineration includes a waste incineration subsystem and a fossil-fuel power generation subsystem; wherein: the waste incineration subsystem includes a waste incinerator and the fossil-fuel power generation subsystem includes a main boiler; a flue gas channel is provided between a furnace of the waste incinerator and the main boiler; flue gas generated by waste incineration of the waste incinerator enters the main boiler through the flue gas channel; and the flue gas channel is located in a low part of the main boiler. Based on a high-temperature combustion environment of the main boiler, thermal energy of combustible waste is fully released and a thermal efficiency is increased; moreover, the flue gas discharged by the waste incinerator contains harmful substances which are mostly burned down by a high-temperature incineration of the main boiler. A secondary incineration greatly reduces the harmful substances and protects environment.

Waste treatment comprises heating it in a chamber to effect pyrolysis of the waste, introducing oxygen into the chamber to effect combustion of the pyrolyzed waste, and contacting off-gas from the pyrolysis and/or combustion steps with an oxidation catalyst to convert carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the off-gas into carbon dioxide and water and with a reduction catalyst to convert nitrous oxides to nitrogen and oxygen. Thus, domestic waste is treated in a batch process using catalytic converters to reduce the level of toxic components before off-gas reaches the atmosphere.

An automated biomass distribution system employs an air-sweeping nozzle for evenly distributing biomass on a grate of an existing stoker boiler. Such an automated biomass distribution system includes a valve-controlled air pressure source that generates an air jet upstream of the existing stoker boiler and having a first travel path extended downstream towards the existing stoker boiler; an expansion duct in fluid communication with the valve-controlled air pressure source and disposed downstream therefrom; an air-sweeping nozzle in communication with the expansion duct and having a second travel path extended downstream from the expansion duct; and a biomass distributor having a passageway disposed at the second travel path. Advantageously, the air-sweeping nozzle is disposed at the passageway and downstream of the expansion duct. In this manner, the second travel path is disposed downstream from the first travel path.