A burner, process and furnace are provided for regenerating a spent acid stream or other sulfur-containing stream by decomposing the spent sulfuric acid stream and/or other sulfur-containing stream to recover sulfur dioxide from the stream. The burner includes a burner body, and at least one spent acid feed passage positioned at least partially within the burner body or other sulfur-containing feed passage positioned at least partially within the burner body. At least one fuel feed passage may be positioned at least partially within the burner body. A related process and furnace are also provided.

An organic-waste-processing apparatus reducing a moisture of, and conducting a thermal operation process to, an organic waste, includes: a moisture-reducing unit; a combustion unit; a combustion-energy-supply unit; an energy-supply-operation controller; an organic-waste-energy-estimating unit; a total-energy-consumption measuring unit; a relation-maintaining unit; a quantitative-relationship-grasping unit; and a moisture reduction controller. The moisture reduction controller controls an operation of the moisture-reducing unit so that the estimated value of the organic waste energy to be estimated by the organic-waste-energy-estimating unit is directed in a direction reducing a quantitative difference from the optimum value of the organic waste energy based on the quantitative relationship grasped by the quantitative-relationship-grasping unit between the optimum value of the organic waste energy and the latest estimated value of the organic waste energy.

A toxic waste incinerator is capable of enhanced combustion of hazardous waste (oil contaminated sand, human waste, garbage, etc.) utilizing immersed non-combustible and thermally conductive objects for increasing heat feedback from the flames to the unburned fuel, while air inlets are used to optimize the air entrainment rate to enhance the burning efficiency. The burning rate of a fluidic mass such as a sand-oil mixture is enhanced using immersed conductive objects (copper rods) which enable rapid heat-up of the flame exposed to the upper surface of the rod and transmits heat back into the sand. Consequent conduction of heat to the porous media through the lower portion of the immersed rod significantly increases vaporization and therefore the burning rate. Incineration may be performed on a transient, exigent basis as with hazardous waste and oil spills, or as part of a permanent fixture for receiving an ongoing waste stream.

An industrial high temperature reformer and the reforming method in which a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000 C. or higher by burning the coke, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200 C. or higher by burning the syngas, thereby producing syngas at a capacity of 500 m.sup.3/hour or more by reforming all carbonaceous feedstock which is supplied to the reforming furnace.

An industrial high temperature reformer and the reforming method in which a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000 C. or higher by burning the coke, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200 C. or higher by burning the syngas, thereby producing syngas at a capacity of 500 m.sup.3/hour or more by reforming all carbonaceous feedstock which is supplied to the reforming furnace.

A heating apparatus for an exhaust gas system, or a fluid flow system, is provided by the present disclosure. The heating apparatus has a container body and includes at least one heater element and a support member disposed inside the container body and configured for restricting movement of the at least one heater element in the container body. The support member defines a tortuous geometry and flanks opposed sides of the at least one insulated heater element along a majority of a length of the at least one insulated heater element, wherein the support member increases heat transfer from the at least one heater element to an exhaust gas flowing through the container body.

Systems and methods for producing green hydrogen from a source material (e.g., biowaste) are contemplated. The source material is at least partially dehydrated to produce a dried intermediate and recovered water. The dried intermediate is pyrolyzed to produce syngas and a char. The recovered water is electrolyzed to produce oxygen and green hydrogen.

A recycling disposal system is provided, the system efficiently combining the respective devices of a shredder, a carbonization furnace, and a gasification furnace to provide a new system combining low-temperature asbestos detoxification processing technology with biomass processing and recycling technology, and capable of energy-self-sufficient processing when operated in a disaster area.

Systems and processes provide for a thermal process to transform sludge (and a variety of other natural waste materials) into electricity. Dewatered sludge and other materials containing a high amount of latent energy are dried into a powdered biofuel using a drying gas produced in the system. The drying gas is recirculated and is heated by the biofuel produced in the system, waste heat (from turbines or internal combustion engines), gas (including natural gas or digester gas) and/or oil. The biofuel is combusted in a boiler system that utilizes a burner operable to burn biofuel and produce heat utilized in a series of heat exchangers that heat the recirculating drying air and steam that powers the turbines for electricity production.

A ground supported single drum power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated V-Cell floor; refractory lined and insulated combustion chamber; integrated fuel chutes configured to pre-dry wet solid fuel; top mounted fuel bin; internal chamber walls; configurable combustion air systems; and a back pass with after-burner ports and cross flow superheaters. The boiler can be configured in pre-assembled modules to minimize the field construction time and cost. An alternative embodiment is adaptable as a gasifier.