A method and facility for the hydrothermal carbonization of pasty products or waste, or sewage sludge, in a pressurized reactor heated to carbonization temperature T0. Before entering the reactor, the products undergo: pressurization, and preheating in an exchanger, by a thermal fluid flowing in a closed loop, and receiving heat from products exiting the reactor; the thermal fluid is heated in the loop by an external heat source, downstream from the exchange with the products exiting the reactor, and upstream from the preheating of the products entering the reactor, and the temperature of the product to be treated, preheated by the thermal fluid, when it enters the reactor, is between the carbonization temperature T0 and T0-100° C. The product to be treated flows in at least one tube, where in at least one location therein, liquid is injected to create a liquid ring against the inner wall, and reduce pressure drops.

The present invention relates to the oxidative combustion of amine-containing wastewaters, especially in a process for preparing methacrolein. Methacrolein is used in chemical synthesis particularly as an intermediate for preparation of methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, or else of active ingredients, odorants or flavorings. More particularly, the present invention relates to an oxidative combustion of the amine-containing wastewaters with only low nitrogen oxide formation.

A DC plasma arc furnace, a method of co-processing waste and metal, a method of producing energy by processing material using the furnace, and the products produced by the furnace are provided. Metal may be efficiently processed by the furnace via an increased organic content in other feedstock fed into the furnace.

A DC plasma arc furnace, a method of co-processing waste and metal, a method of producing energy by processing material using the furnace, and the products produced by the furnace are provided. Metal may be efficiently processed by the furnace via an increased organic content in other feedstock fed into the furnace.

A method of the invention for treatment of particulate material for metal recovery includes heating a furnace to a first temperature, feeding a particulate material into the furnace, and before or after heating of the raw material, feeding a reducing gas flow through the furnace. The particulate material is heated in the furnace for volatilizing one or more metals contained in the ash into the gas flow, and the volatilized particles are recovered in one or more collection units. A system for treatment of particulate material for metal recovery includes a heated furnace for receiving flows of reduction gas and particulate material, a collection unit for volatilized particles, and a collection unit for non-volatilized material.

A heating apparatus for heating fluid includes a container body, a plurality of electric heater elements, and a support structure. The container body defines a perimeter of a flow path for a fluid flowing through the container body. The plurality heater elements are exposed to the flow path. Each heater element includes a resistance element, sheath, and insulating material disposed about the resistance element between the resistance element and the sheath. The support structure includes a plurality of support sheets. The heater elements extend transversely through each support sheet and contact each support sheet to restrict movement of the heater elements and support the heater elements in the container body. The support sheets contact the sheaths of the electric heater elements to increase heat transfer to the fluid flowing through the flow path. Opposite ends of each support sheet are connected to the container body.

A heating apparatus for heating fluid includes a container body, a plurality of electric heater elements, and a support structure. The container body defines a perimeter of a flow path for a fluid flowing through the container body. The plurality heater elements are exposed to the flow path. Each heater element includes a resistance element, sheath, and insulating material disposed about the resistance element between the resistance element and the sheath. The support structure includes a plurality of support sheets. The heater elements extend transversely through each support sheet and contact each support sheet to restrict movement of the heater elements and support the heater elements in the container body. The support sheets contact the sheaths of the electric heater elements to increase heat transfer to the fluid flowing through the flow path. Opposite ends of each support sheet are connected to the container body.

In a general aspect, a system can include a reactor for combusting fuel and producing high-temperature, high-pressure liquid as a byproduct, and at least one vessel defining a cavity to be partially filled with water, with an air pocket within the cavity above the water. The system can further include respective valves to control admission of liquid from the reactor into the air pocket when the air pocket has a pressure lower than an operating pressure of the reactor, and to control emission of the water from the at least one vessel through of the vessel after the water in the at least one vessel has been pressurized by the liquid from the reactor. The system can also include a hydroelectric drive system for receiving water emitted from the cavity, and for converting energy in the received water into electrical energy.

A drying system includes a disk contact dryer, which includes an inlet for the sewage sludge, a drying chamber for temporarily accommodating the sewage sludge, multiple disks in the drying chamber, a drive for rotating the disks at a defined rotational speed, a heater for heating the disks, an outlet for the sewage sludge dried in the drying chamber, and an incineration system for the dried sludge. The drying system includes an input sensor for determining the initial moisture of the sewage sludge, an output sensor for determining the final moisture of the sewage sludge, and a controller for regulating the rotational speed of the disks and/or the heat output of the heater and/or the amount of sewage sludge entering the inlet, and/or the amount of dry sewage sludge exiting the outlet based on the measurements of the input sensor and of the output sensor.

A system for disposing a high-moisture mixed waste composed of kitchen garbage and water-containing sludge is provided, including a mixed waste storage device, a mixed waste primary-drying device and a mixed waste incinerating device.

The mixed waste primary-drying device includes a mixed waste primary-drying body, a primary-drying material inlet, a primary-dried material outlet, a drying gas inlet and a primary waste gas outlet. A discharging outlet of the mixed waste storage device is connected with the primary-drying material inlet through the first conveying belt. The mixed waste incinerating device includes an incinerator, an incineration material inlet, an incineration material outlet, a combustion-supporting gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The incineration material inlet is connected with the primary-dried material outlet through the second conveying belt and the combustion-supporting gas inlet is connected with the primary waste gas outlet. The flue gas outlet is connected with the drying gas inlet.