Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

A controller monitors temperature in a bio-fuel fired device and automatically controls dampers, blowers and the like to reduce generation of smoke or other pollutants, thereby promoting proper operation of a catalytic converter.

A controller monitors temperature in a bio-fuel fired device and automatically controls dampers, blowers and the like to reduce generation of smoke or other pollutants, thereby promoting proper operation of a catalytic converter.

The invention discloses a vacuum cracking apparatus for a power battery and a cracking method thereof. The cracking device includes a cylinder and further includes a rolling device, a first sealing device, a cracking device, a second sealing device, a pyrolysis device and a third sealing device which are arranged from top to bottom. The cracking device for the power battery of the present invention is equipped with the first sealing device, the second sealing device and the third sealing device to isolate the cracking device from the pyrolysis device and be capable of realizing material transmission and gas isolation without interference with each other, so that gas stirring between an anaerobic zone and an aerobic zone is avoided; and by combing battery cracking and battery pyrolysis, with cracked gas discharged after cracking as a fuel for cracking and pyrolysis or preheating a pyrolysis device, resources are fully used.

A ground supported single drum power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated V-Cell floor; refractory lined and insulated combustion chamber; integrated fuel chutes configured to pre-dry wet solid fuel; top mounted fuel bin; internal chamber walls; configurable combustion air systems; and a back pass with after-burner ports and cross flow superheaters. The boiler can be configured in pre-assembled modules to minimize the field construction time and cost. An alternative embodiment is adaptable as a gasifier.

A ground supported single drum power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated V-Cell floor; refractory lined and insulated combustion chamber; integrated fuel chutes configured to pre-dry wet solid fuel; top mounted fuel bin; internal chamber walls; configurable combustion air systems; and a back pass with after-burner ports and cross flow superheaters. The boiler can be configured in pre-assembled modules to minimize the field construction time and cost. An alternative embodiment is adaptable as a gasifier.

A heating apparatus for an exhaust gas system, or a fluid flow system, is provided by the present disclosure. The heating apparatus has a container body and includes at least one heater element and a support member disposed inside the container body and configured for restricting movement of the at least one heater element in the container body. The support member defines a tortuous geometry and flanks opposed sides of the at least one insulated heater element along a majority of a length of the at least one insulated heater element, wherein the support member increases heat transfer from the at least one heater element to an exhaust gas flowing through the container body.

A heating apparatus for an exhaust gas system, or a fluid flow system, is provided by the present disclosure. The heating apparatus has a container body and includes at least one heater element and a support member disposed inside the container body and configured for restricting movement of the at least one heater element in the container body. The support member defines a tortuous geometry and flanks opposed sides of the at least one insulated heater element along a majority of a length of the at least one insulated heater element, wherein the support member increases heat transfer from the at least one heater element to an exhaust gas flowing through the container body.

Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.