A method of identifying a fuel contained in a fuel tank of an aircraft and arranged to power a gas turbine engine of the aircraft is performed by processing circuitry of the aircraft and includes: obtaining at least one fuel characteristic of any fuel already present in the fuel tank prior to refuelling; determining at least one fuel characteristic of a fuel added to the fuel tank on refuelling; and calculating at least one fuel characteristic of the resultant fuel in the fuel tank after refuelling. The method may further controlling the propulsion system of the aircraft based on the calculated at least one fuel characteristic of the resultant fuel in the fuel tank after refuelling.

Methods and systems for oxidizing gas are provided. An example regenerative oxidizer is provided that includes a combustion chamber to heat gas present in the combustion chamber. The regenerative oxidizer also includes a first heat exchange media bed and a second heat exchange media bed. Each of the first heat exchange media bed and the second heat exchange media bed are in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The regenerative oxidizer further includes two burners disposed within the combustion chamber to provide a total heat input to the gas present in the combustion chamber. At least one of the two burners is independently adjustable based on the airflow direction.

A process for calculating a carbon emission reduction comprises calculating a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) output associated with using a measured quantity of wellhead gas in generators to produce electricity, determining a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emission associated with flaring the measured quantity of wellhead gas, and calculating a carbon emission reduction as the difference between the determined CO2e emission and the calculated CO2e output.

A mounting system for mounting a pressure switch to a mounting body without using screws or brackets. The mounting system includes a support physically supporting the pressure switch on the mounting body, a conduit carrying a pressure signal from the mounting body to the pressure switch, and a connector extending between and connecting the support to the conduit. The support and conduit may have ends constructed of synthetic rubber to frictionally engage support and conduit mounts, and the support and conduit may have approximately the same length and/or the same cross-sectional shape. The mounting body may be a draft inducer, a condensate collector box, or a drain trap in a furnace.

A mounting system for mounting a pressure switch to a mounting body without using screws or brackets. The mounting system includes a support physically supporting the pressure switch on the mounting body, a conduit carrying a pressure signal from the mounting body to the pressure switch, and a connector extending between and connecting the support to the conduit. The support and conduit may have ends constructed of synthetic rubber to frictionally engage support and conduit mounts, and the support and conduit may have approximately the same length and/or the same cross-sectional shape. The mounting body may be a draft inducer, a condensate collector box, or a drain trap in a furnace.

Systems and methods operate to infer a fuel composition in a combustion system. The fuel composition may be inferred by receiving measured operating parameters including one or more of fuel data defining fuel characteristics used in combustion within a heater of the combustion system, emissions data defining emission gasses exiting the heater, airflow data defining ambient air being supplied to the heater and airflow rate of the air within the heater. One or more relationships within the measured operating parameters may be identified that result in a list of potential fuel compositions. One of the potential fuel compositions from the list may be selected having sufficient likelihood of resulting in the measured operating parameters as an inferred fuel composition. The output the inferred fuel composition to a heater controller of the combustion system and used for automatic control thereof.

Measuring a concentration of at least one target species is described. A first and second tunable diode laser are configured to generate laser light at a respective wavelength different from one another. A pitch head comprising a transmitting optic is optically coupled to the first and second tunable diode lasers via distal ends of the first and second optical fibers, and is oriented to project respective beams from each of the first and second distal ends through a measurement zone. A photodetector is configured to detect an optical power of light in the first and second wavelengths. A catch head located across the measurement zone from the pitch head is in optical communication with the pitch head to receive the respective beams from the first and second distal ends and direct the respective beams to the photodetector.

Measuring a concentration of at least one target species is described. A first and second tunable diode laser are configured to generate laser light at a respective wavelength different from one another. A pitch head comprising a transmitting optic is optically coupled to the first and second tunable diode lasers via distal ends of the first and second optical fibers, and is oriented to project respective beams from each of the first and second distal ends through a measurement zone. A photodetector is configured to detect an optical power of light in the first and second wavelengths. A catch head located across the measurement zone from the pitch head is in optical communication with the pitch head to receive the respective beams from the first and second distal ends and direct the respective beams to the photodetector.

A fluid heating system including a burner unit is operated based on feedback control loops. The fluid heating system comprises a burner unit configured to heat a fluid, a sensor configured to sense a characteristic of the appliance, and a controller coupled to the burner unit and the sensor. The controller includes an electronic processor and a memory. The controller is configured to receive a first signal corresponding to the characteristic from the sensor, determine, based on the first signal, a first feedback loop control, control combustion of the burner unit based on the first feedback loop control, determine, based on the first feedback loop control, a second feedback loop control, and control combustion of the burner unit based on the second feedback loop control.

An excess enthalpy combustion device includes a furnace body and a feed mechanism disposed on one side of the furnace body. A flue gas outlet is provided on the furnace body. A wall of the furnace body includes a refractory material layer, an electric heating layer, and an insulating layer that are arranged in sequence from inside to outside. Two horizontal first refractory partitions which are staggered in the vertical direction are provided in an upper layer of the furnace body. Four vertical second refractory partitions which are staggered in the horizontal direction are provided in a lower layer of the furnace body; a third refractory partition parallel to a side wall is provided on the other side of the furnace body opposite to a grate mechanism. The combustion device adopts an electric heater to heat the furnace body when the electric heater is powered on.