A heater of the disclosure includes: a rod-like ceramic body; a heat-generating resistor including an embedded portion embedded in the ceramic body and an exposed portion drawn out to an outer periphery face of the ceramic body; a metallic member electrically connected to the heat-generating resistor; and a conductive joining member including titanium, the conductive joining member being configured to join the exposed portion and the metallic member together. The conductive joining member includes a first portion in layer form, in which titanium exists in segregation condition, located along an interface with the exposed portion; and at least one second portion in granular form, in which titanium exists in segregation condition, located away from the first portion.

A method of making a hot surface igniter is described. A silicon carbide composition that includes both fines fraction and a coarse fraction is sintered in a nitrogen and argon reducing atmosphere in a manner that controls the incorporation of nitrogen with in the lattice of recrystallized silicon carbide. The controlled incorporation of nitrogen in the lattice provides enhanced control over heating and electrical properties, while simultaneously achieving a lower surface area fully recrystallized structure for oxidation resistance and long service life.

A method of making a hot surface igniter is described. A silicon carbide composition that includes both fines fraction and a coarse fraction is sintered in a nitrogen and argon reducing atmosphere in a manner that controls the incorporation of nitrogen with in the lattice of recrystallized silicon carbide. The controlled incorporation of nitrogen in the lattice provides enhanced control over heating and electrical properties, while simultaneously achieving a lower surface area fully recrystallized structure for oxidation resistance and long service life.

A metal-fixing material feedthrough for at least one of an airbag igniter or a belt pre-tensioner includes a main body having a through opening formed therein and at least one metal pin fused into the through opening in a vitreous or glass ceramic fixing material. A surface of the vitreous or glass ceramic fixing material is a freely fused surface and lies in a same plane as an end face of the at least one metal pin.

Herein disclosed is universal housing for a hot surface igniter that can be removed and/or easily installed by the consumer without the need for numerous tools or assistance from experienced maintenance personnel. The igniter housing is universal and is functional for use with substantially any apparatus or device which requires a hot surface igniter. The universal housing is of simple construction formed from only two components. Various embodiments are disclosed for construction of the two components and also various attachment means are described.

Herein disclosed is universal housing for a hot surface igniter that can be removed and/or easily installed by the consumer without the need for numerous tools or assistance from experienced maintenance personnel. The igniter housing is universal and is functional for use with substantially any apparatus or device which requires a hot surface igniter. The universal housing is of simple construction formed from only two components. Various embodiments are disclosed for construction of the two components and also various attachment means are described.

A cooking appliance muffle for a cooking appliance includes: a cooking chamber with a cooking chamber opening tightly closeable by a door of the cooking appliance, at least one cooking chamber wall bounding the cooking chamber. The cooking appliance muffle is explosion-proof. The cooking appliance muffle has, on a side of one of the at least one cooking chamber wall facing the cooking chamber, an anti-explosion device that prevents a formation of an explosive gas mixture in any operating state of the cooking appliance muffle.

There is disclosed an igniter for a gas turbine engine including: a base; a glow plug heater rod extending from the base along an axis and terminating in a rod end; and a fuel receiver adjacent the heater rod, the fuel receiver including a portion located closest to the heater rod, the rod end protruding axially relative to the axis from the fuel receiver portion located closest to the heater rod.

Sparkless igniters comprising a hot surface igniter assembly and a nozzle that produce a flame plume with diameter substantially similar to the diameter of the fire tube, and flame length less than the length of each leg of the U-shaped fire tube in heater treaters are applicable to both vertical and horizontal heater treaters and improve the durability of fire tubes while reducing igniter fuel consumption by at least 30%.

Sparkless igniters comprising a hot surface igniter assembly and a nozzle that produce a flame plume with diameter substantially similar to the diameter of the fire tube, and flame length less than the length of each leg of the U-shaped fire tube in heater treaters are applicable to both vertical and horizontal heater treaters and improve the durability of fire tubes while reducing igniter fuel consumption by at least 30%.