A device includes a channel having an inlet and an outlet, a first electrode disposed within the channel, and a second electrode disposed within the channel so as to define a gap between the second electrode and the first electrode. The device further includes a power source connected to at least one of the electrodes. The second electrode includes a lumen from a first end of the second electrode to a second end of the second electrode. The lumen is configured to introduce a carrier gas to the gap. The inlet is configured to introduce a process stream to the channel. The process stream comprises a viscous petroleum feed material. The power source is configured to produce a spark within the gap, thereby generating a plasma configured to reduce a viscosity of the viscous petroleum feed material and to form a processed petroleum material.

A device includes a channel having an inlet and an outlet, a first electrode disposed within the channel, and a second electrode disposed within the channel so as to define a gap between the second electrode and the first electrode. The device further includes a power source connected to at least one of the electrodes. The second electrode includes a lumen from a first end of the second electrode to a second end of the second electrode. The lumen is configured to introduce a carrier gas to the gap. The inlet is configured to introduce a process stream to the channel. The process stream comprises a viscous petroleum feed material. The power source is configured to produce a spark within the gap, thereby generating a plasma configured to reduce a viscosity of the viscous petroleum feed material and to form a processed petroleum material.

A fire starting canteen that has internal fire starting lenses. The lenses can be solid or water lenses. The canteen has two internal chambers, one for holding water and the other for holding water and forming a fire burning lens. The fire starting canteens can be combined reversibly or permanently to form an inner canteen and an outer canteen with larger water-carrying capacity and fire starting capability than a single canteen. The lenses are, preferably, convex but can also be concave or a combination of both. A divider in the interior of the canteen forms the two internal chambers. The divider has a convex shape and, in combination with the chamber filled with water, forms the fire starting lens.

The present utility model discloses a safety focusing ignition flashlight device, including a cylinder, a housing, and several replaceable-members. The housing sleeves an end of the cylinder, and which extends and retracts axially along the cylinder; a first lens is arranged at a light-outlet of the cylinder, and the light-outlet is spliced with any replaceable-member to form a flashlight device; one replaceable-member includes a first end ring, and the ring and the housing hold the first lens; and another replaceable-member includes a second end ring and a second lens fixed on the second end ring wall, the ring and the housing hold the first lens, light emitted from the light outlet gathers to form an ignition point after passing through the first and second lens by adjusting an extension or retraction distance. By changing the replaceable-members, the flashlight device can provide a normal lighting function and satisfy an ignition requirement.

A method directs fuel-oxidant premix into a reaction zone through a first total premix inlet flow area, and causes the premix to combust and form a stable flame projecting into a process chamber through an outlet from the reaction zone. At a time when the process chamber has a temperature at or above an auto-ignition temperature of the fuel, the flame is blown off to initiate diffuse combustion in the process chamber without a stable flame. The flame is blown off by directing the premix into the reaction zone through a second total premix inlet flow area greater than the first total premix inlet flow area.

A method directs fuel-oxidant premix into a reaction zone through a first total premix inlet flow area, and causes the premix to combust and form a stable flame projecting into a process chamber through an outlet from the reaction zone. At a time when the process chamber has a temperature at or above an auto-ignition temperature of the fuel, the flame is blown off to initiate diffuse combustion in the process chamber without a stable flame. The flame is blown off by directing the premix into the reaction zone through a second total premix inlet flow area greater than the first total premix inlet flow area.

A pot comprising a base and a peripheral wall defining a recess together wherein at least one lower portion of a combustible body is intended to be arranged to form a candle, the base comprising a network of elements extending in a relief pattern from the bottom face of said base, said network being arranged to be able to limit the thermal heating of said pot during the combustion of the body.

The present disclosure is directed to an ignition device including a housing, a bulk fuel, and at least two lead wires as electrodes. The bulk fuel is made of a plastic material, such as polylactic acid (PLA) or epoxy resin. The bulk fuel contains an internally dispersed powdery conductive material, thereby obtaining a conductive solid fuel. One end of the lead wire is partially embedded in the bulk fuel. The other end of the lead wire is connected to a power source. A portion of the bulk fuel is gasified by energizing the lead wire, and the gasified fuel is combusted by reaction with an oxidant.

A combustion system comprising: a combustion chamber extending in an axial direction between an inlet and an outlet, the combustion chamber configured to receive an airflow through the inlet and to discharge the airflow through the outlet; a fuel injection port configured to inject fuel into the airflow to form an air-fuel mixture; an ignition system for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, the ignition system comprising an array of electrical plasma initiation points disposed downstream of the fuel injection port, and distributed radially and circumferentially around the combustion chamber, wherein each electrical plasma initiation point comprises a pair of electrodes configured to apply a voltage across an electrode gap between the pair of electrodes to produce plasma within the air-fuel mixture passing between the electrodes, thereby igniting the air-fuel mixture.

A combustion system comprising: a combustion chamber extending in an axial direction between an inlet and an outlet, the combustion chamber configured to receive an airflow through the inlet and to discharge the airflow through the outlet; a fuel injection port configured to inject fuel into the airflow to form an air-fuel mixture; an ignition system for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, the ignition system comprising an array of electrical plasma initiation points disposed downstream of the fuel injection port, and distributed radially and circumferentially around the combustion chamber, wherein each electrical plasma initiation point comprises a pair of electrodes configured to apply a voltage across an electrode gap between the pair of electrodes to produce plasma within the air-fuel mixture passing between the electrodes, thereby igniting the air-fuel mixture.