An energy-saving system using electric heat pump to recover flue gas waste heat for district heating uses flue gas waste heat recovery tower to absorb the sensible and latent heat in the high-temperature flue gas by direct contact heat and mass transfer. The circulating water is sprayed from the top and the flue gas flows upwards in the tower. The electric heat pump is indirectly connected with circulating water through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger. The return water of the heat-supply network enters the electric heat pump through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger and exchanges heat indirectly with the high-temperature circulating water. The electric heat pump uses the electric energy of the power plant as the driving power.

A local thermal energy consumer assembly and a local thermal energy generator assembly to be connected to a thermal energy circuit comprising a hot and a cold conduit. The local thermal energy consumer assembly is connected via a flow controller to the hot conduit. The local thermal energy generator assembly is connected via a flow controller to the cold conduit. The flow controller is selectively set in pumping mode or a flowing mode based on a local pressure difference between heat transfer liquid of the hot and cold conduits.

Method for operating a power plant for generating energy, comprising at least one stationary internal combustion engine (1) and a district heating system (20) connected to the at least one internal combustion engine (1) in a heat exchange relationship, wherein the at least one internal combustion engine (1) is configured to deliver a mechanical power by burning a fuel, wherein on the one hand the at least one internal combustion engine (1) is cooled and on the other hand heat is supplied to the district heating system (20) through a heat exchange between the district heating system (20) and the at least one internal combustion engine (1) and wherein at least one additional cooling device (12) is provided,
wherein the cooling of the at least one internal combustion engine (1) is effected—at least partially—using the at least one additional cooling device (12) when a transient performance requirement for the at least one internal combustion engine (1) occurs.

A geothermal district heating (DH) system includes a plurality of DH conduits each of the conduits extending to a corresponding heat consumer; means for delivering a DH-usable fluid through said plurality of DH conduits; a fluid circuit through which a geothermal fluid is flowable; and at least two heat exchangers, each of the heat exchangers configured to transfer heat directly or indirectly from the geothermal fluid to said DH-usable fluid with a total heat influx provided by the at least two heat exchangers to said DH-usable fluid that is sufficiently high to raise a temperature of the DH-usable fluid to a predetermined DH-usable temperature without need for any supplemental fossil fuel derived waste heat to be transferred to said DH-usable fluid.

A geothermal district heating (DH) system includes a plurality of DH conduits each of the conduits extending to a corresponding heat consumer; means for delivering a DH-usable fluid through said plurality of DH conduits; a fluid circuit through which a geothermal fluid is flowable; and at least two heat exchangers, each of the heat exchangers configured to transfer heat directly or indirectly from the geothermal fluid to said DH-usable fluid with a total heat influx provided by the at least two heat exchangers to said DH-usable fluid that is sufficiently high to raise a temperature of the DH-usable fluid to a predetermined DH-usable temperature without need for any supplemental fossil fuel derived waste heat to be transferred to said DH-usable fluid.

A virtual power plant system using a heat conversion device includes a plurality of distributed energy resources connected to a virtual power plant; a virtual power plant output adjustment device connected to the virtual power plant and including a heat conversion device that receives power generated from the plurality of distributed energy resources and converts the power into thermal energy, a virtual power plant management device configured to conduct a bidding by predicting an expected power generation amount of the plurality of distributed energy resources, analyze output variation and error of the virtual power plant due to an output variation of the plurality of distributed energy resources, and stabilize an output variation of the virtual power plant by controlling a power consumption amount of the virtual power plant output adjustment device based on the analysis result.

A method for controlling a district thermal energy distribution system is presented. The method comprises: determining whether a local pressure difference between a feed line (111) and a return line (112) of a distribution grid (110) is below a predetermined threshold; upon the local pressure difference is determined to be below the predetermined threshold, generating a control signal comprising information instructing a local distribution system (150) to reduce outtake of heat or cold from the distribution grid (110); sending the control signal to a local control unit (140) of the local distribution system (150); and reducing, in response to the control signal, the outtake of heat or cold of the local distribution system (150) from the distribution grid (110). The distribution grid (110) may be a district heating grid or a district cooling grid. Also, a control server and a district thermal energy distribution system is presented.

A stand-alone long-distance closed-loop heat energy capture, conveyance, and delivery system, comprises three closed-loop modules in serial communication. The first module is in communication with a first closed-loop piping infrastructure interconnected with a source of heat energy, and has a LBP liquid circulating therein whereby the LBP liquid is converted into its gas phase when flowing through the source of heat energy thereby capturing a portion of heat energy therefrom, and is converted into its liquid phase when flowing through a first heat exchanger that transfers the captured-heat energy to a second closed-loop piping infrastructure wherein also is circulating a LBP liquid. The second closed-loop module may extend for long distances. The captured-heat energy in the second module is transferred to a third closed-loop piping infrastructure wherein is also circulating a LBP liquid. The captured-heat energy is transferred from the third module to a delivery site.

A stand-alone long-distance closed-loop heat energy capture, conveyance, and delivery system, comprises three closed-loop modules in serial communication. The first module is in communication with a first closed-loop piping infrastructure interconnected with a source of heat energy, and has a LBP liquid circulating therein whereby the LBP liquid is converted into its gas phase when flowing through the source of heat energy thereby capturing a portion of heat energy therefrom, and is converted into its liquid phase when flowing through a first heat exchanger that transfers the captured-heat energy to a second closed-loop piping infrastructure wherein also is circulating a LBP liquid. The second closed-loop module may extend for long distances. The captured-heat energy in the second module is transferred to a third closed-loop piping infrastructure wherein is also circulating a LBP liquid. The captured-heat energy is transferred from the third module to a delivery site.

[OBJECT] To provide an evaporator which can improve heat exchange performance.

[SOLVING MEANS] An evaporator including a metal wall and a porous metal film directly connected to the metal wall, wherein the porous metal film has communication holes having an average pore size of 8 μm or less, and the porous metal film has a porosity of 50% or more.