A method for starting up a hot ultrapure water production system that produces hot ultrapure water by heating ultrapure water to a supply water temperature, for supplied to a point of use, the method involving: alternately passing heated water and cooled water through a hot ultrapure water pipe through which the hot ultrapure water flows, the heated water being obtained by heating the ultrapure water to a temperature higher than room temperature and the cooled water being obtained by cooling the ultrapure water to a temperature lower than the temperature of the heated water in a range of from room temperature to the supply water temperature.

The invention relates to a method for operating a circulation system comprising a cooling device with an input port and an output port for cooling water. The invention also relates to a circulation system for implementing said method.

A method for providing a warning of the risk of Legionella in a fluid conductor, the method including determining the percentage of a duration a fluid is disposed in the fluid conductor at a temperature in which Legionella can thrive during a period, wherein if the percentage of the duration is greater than about 50% of the period, a first indication of a risk of Legionella is raised.

Apparatus and methods for improved hot water flushing of a water supply system.

An electric power system is disclosed herein. The electric power system may manage and store electric power and provide uninterrupted electric power, derived from a plurality of electric power sources, to an electric load. The electric power system may contain an energy storage unit and generator assembly. The electric power system may connect to a power grid and renewable energy sources, and may charge the energy storage unit using the power grid, renewable energy sources, and/or generator assembly. The electric power system may be configured to determine load power usage and environmental factors to automatically and continuously modify a charging protocol to, for example, provide high efficiency and/or self-sufficiency from the power grid. The electric power system may operate entirely off-grid and may provide electricity to the load without interruption to power.

A bypass valve is for support between hot and cold water lines that connect to respective hot and cold fixtures. The bypass valve includes a valve body having an internal chamber, a hot water inlet port, a hot water outlet port and a discharge port; a bi-metal spring; a support member for mounting the bi-metal spring within the internal chamber of the valve body; and a shuttle mounted to the bi-metal spring and constructed and arranged to mate with the hot water inlet port in a closed position of the bi-metal spring. The bi-metal spring assumes an open position to disengage from the hot water inlet port at a predetermined water temperature to enable the hot water to discharge through the discharge port to the cold water line.

Disclosed herein is a water heating system including a water heater having a tank, and a first temperature sensor disposed toward a top end of the tank to measure a first temperature and a second temperature sensor disposed toward a bottom end of the tank to measure a second temperature. The water heating system can further include a controller communicably coupled to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, where the controller determines an amount of heated water in the tank based on one or more algorithms and measurements made by the first and second temperature sensors.

A hot water supply device and a hot water supply system are provided. A controller actuates a circulation pump at a constant output and actuates a heating mechanism for heating by a combustion mechanism when an instantaneous hot water operation is started in response to a temperature drop of a fluid while hot water supply of a hot water supply tap is stopped, until a minimum drive time elapses. The minimum drive time is set based on a flow rate detection value of a flow rate detector under a condition that the circulation pump is actuated at a predetermined constant output and an instantaneous hot water circulation path is formed.

A free-standing Energy Recovery System enables sanitary recovery of thermal energy with heat transfer from hot waste effluent to incoming domestic water. The source of the effluent may, for example, be conventional commercial ware-washing, clothes washing equipment, pasteurization and other industrial processes.

A water heating and treatment system with UV lamp and anti-scale water treatment sanitation for suppression of pathogens and undesired bacterial content in a domestic hot water system includes an anti-scale device, and a UV sanitation lamp. A single or multiple mixing station supplies heated water to one or multiple temperature zones. A water heater sanitation loop includes a sanitation loop pump to circulate hot water within the water heater. A three-way return water diverter valve allows for safe sanitation of a domestic hot water system by diverting over temperature re-circulated water away from the mixing valve to a drain, as needed. A method for treating hot water to suppress pathogens and undesired bacterial content in a domestic hot water system is also described.