Disclosed embodiments include apparatuses, systems, and methods for circulating and managing temperature of a liquid in a vessel. An illustrative embodiment includes an apparatus having a control section with a pump to receive liquid and expel the liquid via a pump outlet, a temperature interface to modulate a supply of energy, and a control interface to direct operation of the pump and the temperature control interface. An immersible section is configured to be at least partially immersed in the liquid and includes at least one temperature control surface to heat the liquid in response to the energy received from the temperature interface, a pump inlet to draw the liquid into the pump, and a filtration housing covering the at least one temperature control surface and the pump inlet to prevent particles over a predetermined size from passing into the pump inlet and coming into contact with the at least one temperature control surface.

The disclosed technology includes a combustion system providing ease of access to components of the combustion system and optimal placement of a burner such that efficient combustion and heat transfer can occur. The combustion system can include an inner tube having a first end and a second end, the second end having a flange with a sensor port, and an outer tube having a first end and a second end. The inner tube can be disposed within the outer tube. The inner tube can have an outer diameter less than an inner diameter of the outer tube, creating a gap between the outer tube and inner tube. An ignitor assembly and a flame sensor assembly can extend through the sensor port and the gap and be positioned proximate a burner.

A preform that is embodied for manufacture of a combined heating and anti-surge apparatus for automotive operating fluid tanks, in particular for automotive reservoir tanks for aqueous urea solution, encompasses a planar plastic component having at least one electrical resistance heating trace provided thereon and having anti-surge baffles embodied integrally with the planar plastic component and standing off therefrom, the planar plastic component including as functional portions a heating portion having at least one electrical resistance heating trace provided thereon and an anti-surge portion, two functional portions of the plastic component being connected to one another movably relative to one another.

A preform that is embodied for manufacture of a combined heating and anti-surge apparatus for automotive operating fluid tanks, in particular for automotive reservoir tanks for aqueous urea solution, encompasses a planar plastic component having at least one electrical resistance heating trace provided thereon and having anti-surge baffles embodied integrally with the planar plastic component and standing off therefrom, the planar plastic component including as functional portions a heating portion having at least one electrical resistance heating trace provided thereon and an anti-surge portion, two functional portions of the plastic component being connected to one another movably relative to one another.

A refiner device for refining of a liquid, wherein the refiner device includes a housing provided with a liquid inlet for unrefined oil or fuel, a liquid outlet for refined oil or fuel, an air inlet for supplying a flow of air into the housing, and an air outlet for discharging air and contaminants removed from the liquid. The refiner device further includes a liquid receiving plate arranged inside the housing, the refiner device arranged such that when liquid has passed through the liquid inlet during operation of the device, the liquid is contacted with an upper surface of the liquid receiving plate before it reaches the liquid outlet, and at least one heating element arranged to directly or indirectly heat the liquid while the liquid is in contact with the liquid receiving plate. The refiner device further includes a hollow air-guiding member arranged at the liquid receiving plate.

A hot water device includes a heat exchanger and an apparatus to which the heat exchanger is to be connected. First and second cases for the heat exchanger and the apparatus to which the heat exchanger is to be connected include first and second flange portions laid over each other and welded together. The first and second flange portions are each demarcated into a corner flange portion corresponding to one of first and second corner portions, and into a non-corner flange portion other than the corner flange portion. The non-corner flange portions protrude more to the outside of the first and second cases than the corner flange portions.

A gas manifold allows each distribution chamber to be fed with fuel gas at an appropriate flow rate irrespective of an increase in the number of distribution chambers included in the gas manifold. Fuel gas flowing through in an inlet is distributed to a plurality of distribution chambers through a main channel. A bypass channel parallel with the main channel also feeds fuel gas to a maximum distribution chamber. This can prevent the feeding of the fuel gas to the maximum distribution chamber from being affected by and reduced by the feeding of the fuel gas to the bypassed distribution chambers. This also prevent the feeding of the fuel gas to the other distribution chambers from being affected by and reduced by the feeding of the fuel gas to the maximum distribution chamber. The plurality of distribution chambers are thus fed with fuel gas at appropriate flow rates.

A gas manifold allows each distribution chamber to be fed with fuel gas at an appropriate flow rate irrespective of an increase in the number of distribution chambers included in the gas manifold. Fuel gas flowing through in an inlet is distributed to a plurality of distribution chambers through a main channel. A bypass channel parallel with the main channel also feeds fuel gas to a maximum distribution chamber. This can prevent the feeding of the fuel gas to the maximum distribution chamber from being affected by and reduced by the feeding of the fuel gas to the bypassed distribution chambers. This also prevent the feeding of the fuel gas to the other distribution chambers from being affected by and reduced by the feeding of the fuel gas to the maximum distribution chamber. The plurality of distribution chambers are thus fed with fuel gas at appropriate flow rates.

A heat exchanger for a water heater having a burner includes a tube extending longitudinally along a centerline from a first end adjacent the burner to a second end. The tube defines a passage. Strips extend within the passage and are arranged about the centerline. Each strip includes a base and fins extending from opposite sides of the base such that flue gases from the burner flow from the first end to the second end of the outer tube and in channels between the fins.

The invention relates to a hot water storage system, in particular for mobile applications, comprising a water reservoir (6), a pump (10), a heat exchanger (20) and a hot water storage tank (40), characterized in that the hot water storage tank (40) has a variable storage volume and in that a drain line (60) is provided which connects the hot water storage tank (40) to the water reservoir (6).