The present disclosure provides methods and systems for tracking temperature profile of water in a hot water storage tank. The method performed by a control unit includes monitoring flow of water at one or more inlets and one or more outlets included in the tank to determine current locations of a plurality of water layers within the tank. The plurality of water layers changes corresponding positions within the tank based on water entering within and exiting from the tank. The method includes receiving a series of temperature values measured at a series of time instances from at least one temperature sensor mounted to the tank. The method includes electronically generating a temperature profile of the tank based at least on the current locations of the plurality of water layers and the series of temperature values.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for tracking temperature profile of water in a hot water storage tank. The method performed by a control unit includes monitoring flow of water at one or more inlets and one or more outlets included in the tank to determine current locations of a plurality of water layers within the tank. The plurality of water layers changes corresponding positions within the tank based on water entering within and exiting from the tank. The method includes receiving a series of temperature values measured at a series of time instances from at least one temperature sensor mounted to the tank. The method includes electronically generating a temperature profile of the tank based at least on the current locations of the plurality of water layers and the series of temperature values.

An oil boiler according to the present disclosure includes a combustion chamber in which a combustion reaction occurs, a burner including a fuel nozzle that sprays fuel of an oil type into the combustion chamber, an air nozzle that injects air into the combustion chamber, and a spark plug that ignites a mixture of the fuel and the air, an air supply pipe that guides the air supplied to the air nozzle, a duct that releases combustion gas, a heat exchanger that heats heating water by heat from the combustion reaction, and a case that receives said components. The duct includes a flue connecting adaptor to which a corrugated pipe and a flue are connected, in which the corrugated pipe is connected to an inlet of the air supply pipe into which the air is introduced, and the flue releases the combustion gas to the outside of the case.

A gas manifold allows each distribution chamber to be fed with fuel gas at an appropriate flow rate irrespective of an increase in the number of distribution chambers included in the gas manifold. Fuel gas flowing through in an inlet is distributed to a plurality of distribution chambers through a main channel. A bypass channel parallel with the main channel also feeds fuel gas to a maximum distribution chamber. This can prevent the feeding of the fuel gas to the maximum distribution chamber from being affected by and reduced by the feeding of the fuel gas to the bypassed distribution chambers. This also prevent the feeding of the fuel gas to the other distribution chambers from being affected by and reduced by the feeding of the fuel gas to the maximum distribution chamber. The plurality of distribution chambers are thus fed with fuel gas at appropriate flow rates.

An electric heating device includes a casing that forms inlet and outlet openings for the fluid to be heated and a circulation chamber as well as a connection chamber separated from the circulation chamber by way of a partition wall. A heat-emitting surface of a PTC heating element is exposed in the circulation chamber and is coupled in a heat-conductive manner to a PTC element. The PTC element is in electrically conductive contact, which via electrical conductor tracks with different polarities that are electrically connected in the connection chamber. The casing is a plastic casing provided with a shielding.

A vehicle heater housing (46) has an inlet area (49), an outlet area (51) and an air flow space (47) for air to be heated with a burner chamber assembly unit (30), to be fed with combustion air and fuel. A heat exchanger area (11), including a heat exchanger housing (12), is elongated in the direction of a housing longitudinal axis (L) with an outer side (24) around which air flowing in the air flow space flows. Heat transfer ribs are on a side of the heat exchanger housing. The heater housing has a housing circumferential wall (56) and an outlet front wall area (58). The heat transfer ribs have a longitudinal edge (64) extending along the housing circumferential wall and a radial edge extending along the outlet front wall area. A distance of the radial edge from the outlet front wall area changes from radially outwards to radially inwards.

An outdoor shower device includes a hollow water container, a gas bag disposed in the water container, and an inflating device configured to inflate the gas bag. The water container has a mouth, a water outlet pipe communicating with an inside of the water container, and a cover for tightly closing the mouth. An inside of the gas bag is in communication with the inflating device through a gas pip. When in use, the user pours water through the opening into the water container and inflates the gas bag by using the inflating device. As the gas bag is continuously inflated with gas, the water in the water container is discharged from the water outlet pipe for taking a comfortable shower.

In a communication system, a management server stores information about a hot water systems for each hot water system on the basis of individual identification information, and stores the individual identification information of a plurality of identification target machines for each hot water system. When the individual identification information of the plurality of identification target machines is received from a relay device, the management server collates the received individual identification information with the stored individual identification information. When at least one of the received individual identification information matches the stored individual identification information as a result of the collation, if all the individual identification information stored for the hot water system which has the identification target machine with the matching individual identification information includes individual identification information different from the received individual identification information, the management server rewrites the different individual identification information to the received individual identification information.

A hot-water supply system (1) remotely controls, via a server (50) and using a portable terminal device (30), a hot-water supply device (10) connectable to an external communication network (40). The hot-water supply system (1) is provided with a control unit which performs a notification process for notifying at least another, already-associated portable terminal device (30) that the portable terminal device (30) for performing remote control has been newly associated with the hot-water supply device (10). For example, a control unit of the server (50) performs the notification process as the control unit.

A heat recovery device including: a warm-water bath storing warm water and a drying chamber, wherein warm exhausted air from the chamber heats the water includes: an exhaust duct that the exhausted air from the chamber to the outside air passes; an exhaust bypass duct between two positions in the exhaust duct; a circulation pipe through which the water circulates; a heat exchanger provided generates air in the bypass duct to be absorbed by water in the circulation pipe; a warm-water bypass pipe between two positions downstream to the heat exchanger in the circulation pipe or between one position downstream to the heat exchanger in the circulation pipe and the warm-water bath; a heatsink provided at the bypass pipe; a first distribution-changing valve for distribution of air flowing from the exhaust duct to the exhaust bypass duct; and a second distribution valve for distributing water to the bypass pipe.